불쾌 증상 이론을 적용한 심방 세동 환자의 자가관리
Self-care in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation Based on the Theory of Unpleasant Symptoms
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초록
목적: 본 연구는 불쾌 증상 이론을 토대로 심방 세동 환자의 질병 중증도, 불안, 우울, 사회적 지지, 불쾌 증상 및 자가 관리간의 관계를 규명하고, 불쾌 증상의 매개 효과를 확인하는 것이다. 방법: 횡단적 연구로 수행되었다. 연구의 대상자는 서울 소재 한 대학병원에서 외래 추적 관찰 중인 심방 세동 환자 216명이었다. 자료는 자가보고식 설문지를 사용하여 2011년 11월 1일부터 2021년 6월 30일까지 수집되었다. 자료분석은 IBM SPSS/WIN 27.0 프로그램과 PROCESS macro (3.5 version) 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval (CI)을 사용하였다. 결과: 본 연구에서 대상자의 평균 연령은 66.0세였다. 질병 중증도(β=10.19, p<.001)와 우울(β=1.53, p<.001)은 불쾌 증상과 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었고, 불쾌 증상(β=-0.03, p=.006)은 자가 관리 행위의 하부 영역 중 신체활동과 유의한 음의 상관관계가 있었다. 사회적 지지(β =0.06, p<.001)는 신체활동과 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었다. 질병 중증도와 신체활동의 관계에서 불쾌 증상은 유의한 매개효과가 있었다. (Bias corrected bootstrap CI -0.65, -0.04). 우울이 신체활동에 미치는 영향에서 불쾌 증상은 유의한 매개효과가 있었다. (Bias corrected bootstrap CI -0.11, -0.00). 결론: 본 연구 결과는 심방 세동 환자의 자가 관리 증진을 위해서는 신체적, 심리적, 사회적 요인을 포함한 통합적 전략이 필요함을 시사한다.
Abstract
Purpose: This study aimed to identify the relationships among disease severity, anxiety, depression, social support, unpleasant symptoms and self-care among patients with atrial fibrillation based on the unpleasantsymptom theory, and to examine the mediating effects of unpleasant symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The participants were 216 patients with atrial fibrillation who were being followed up on an outpatient basis at a university hospital in Seoul. Data were collected from November 1, 2020 to June 30, 2021, using self-report questionnaires. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS/WIN 27.0 and PROCESS macro with 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence interval(CI). Results: The average age of participants in this study was 66.0years. Disease severity (β=10.19, p<.001) and depression (β=1.53, p<.001) had significant positive relationships with unpleasant symptoms. Also, unpleasant symptoms (β=-0.03, p=.006) had a negative relationship with physical activity, which is a subscale of self- care. Social support (β=0.06, p<.001) was positively related with physical activity. Unpleasant symptoms showed a mediation effect in the relationship between disease severity and physical activity (Bias corrected bootstrap CI -0.65, -0.04). Depression had anindirect effect on physical activity that was mediated by unpleasant symptoms (Bias corrected bootstrap CI -0.11, -0.00). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that integrated strategies including physical, psychological, and social factors should be considered to promote self-care in patients with atrial fibrillation.
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