19세기 영중교류와 ‘과학 만들기’ ― 영국 약재 연구자의 중국 본초서 수용을 중심으로 ―
British Materia Medica Researchers' Reception of Chinese Bencao Texts and the Making of ‘Science’ in the 19th Century
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In the 19th century, British herbalist Daniel Hanbury made remarkable achievement in the research on Chinese materia medica. This essay pays attention to the philological practice that Hanbury took, and examines how he and his contemporaries availed themselves of the Chinese bencao books, such as Bencao gangmu, as well as the previous natural historical writings of Jesuit missionaries and how they evaluated the textual sources. Although Hanbury consulted various literatures, he was greatly selective in using them and chose not to quote the words. Even while still succeeding the tradition of natural history in collecting, translating, and reading foreign knowledge, he tried to ensure the ‘scientific’ sincerity of knowledge by putting to the fore a new method of experimentation and observation conducted directly on things. His ambivalent attitude toward the textual materials as a reliable source of knowledge is manifest in such a contradictory research practice, which reflects the trajectory of the 19th-century British science. Therefore, the exchange of natural knowledge between China and the West in the 19th century should be understood in the context where the ‘new men of science’ engaged in the act of setting up the boundary of the Others to which the knowledge from the past and from the foreign lands awere supposed to belong as the urge toward formation of modern science and ‘the scientific’ overwhelmed.
Abstract
In the 19th century, British herbalist Daniel Hanbury made remarkable achievement in the research on Chinese materia medica. This essay pays attention to the philological practice that Hanbury took, and examines how he and his contemporaries availed themselves of the Chinese bencao books, such as Bencao gangmu, as well as the previous natural historical writings of Jesuit missionaries and how they evaluated the textual sources. Although Hanbury consulted various literatures, he was greatly selective in using them and chose not to quote the words. Even while still succeeding the tradition of natural history in collecting, translating, and reading foreign knowledge, he tried to ensure the ‘scientific’ sincerity of knowledge by putting to the fore a new method of experimentation and observation conducted directly on things. His ambivalent attitude toward the textual materials as a reliable source of knowledge is manifest in such a contradictory research practice, which reflects the trajectory of the 19th-century British science. Therefore, the exchange of natural knowledge between China and the West in the 19th century should be understood in the context where the ‘new men of science’ engaged in the act of setting up the boundary of the Others to which the knowledge from the past and from the foreign lands awere supposed to belong as the urge toward formation of modern science and ‘the scientific’ overwhelmed.
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