멸종위기 야생생물Ⅰ급 광릉요강꽃 결실에 미치는 환경인자
Analysis of Environmental Factors on the Fruit Set of Cypripedium japonicum Thunb. as the Endangered Wildlife Species
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초록
본 연구는 국내 최대 자생지인 덕유산국립공원 내 광릉요강꽃의 환경적 특성 규명을 통해 지속적으로감소하고 있는 광릉요강꽃의 결실률을 증대하여 자생지 확산을 유도하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 조사기간은 2015년 4월부터 2015년 10월까지이며 조사지역은 덕유산국립공원 특별보호구역으로 지정된광릉요강꽃 자생지 2개 지역을 대상으로 실시하였다. 미기상 자료분석을 위해 2010년 1월 1일부터2014년 12월 31일까지 자생지 내 온도와 습도를 분석한 결과 연평균 온도는 8.0℃, 평균 상대 습도는82.8%로 높은 습도를 나타내었다. 광릉요강꽃 개화기간 내 자생지 주변 개화식물을 조사한 결과, 15과19속 20종이 개화하였으며 주요식물은 고추나무, 바위말발도리, 노루삼, 백작약 등으로 나타났다. 광릉요강꽃의 개엽 및 개화조사 결과, 자생지별 고도차이로 온도에 의한 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 수분에 따른 결실률 조사 결과, 자연수분은 65.6%, 인공수분은 100.0%로 나타났고, 수정개체의 열매 특성조사 결과, 열매가 성숙될수록 열매의 폭은 비대생장으로 증가하였으며, 열매의 길이는 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 개화기 방문 곤충 정밀조사 결과, 총 6목 18과 22종의 곤충이 방문하였고 파리매류, 노랑줄어리병대벌레, 집파리류가 최다출현종으로 나타났으나 열매결실에 직접적 영향을 주는 곤충은 벌목, 파리목 등으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This study was carried out to increase seed setting percentage of Cypripedium japonicumThunb. by determining environmental factors of Deogyusan National Park, the biggest naturalhabitat of this plant species. The period for investigation was from April to October, 2015. Thesites for investigation were 2 spots located in Deogyusan National Park. In the sites from 2010to 2014, average temperature was 8.0℃ and average relative humidity was 82.8%. The numberof plant species sharing time for flowering with C. japonicum in the sites was 20 includingStaphylea bumalda DC., Deutzia grandiflora var. baroniana Diels, Actaea asiatica H. Hara andPaeonia japonica(Makino) Miyabe & Takeda. It was observed that temperature condition due toaltitude influence on flowering. Seed setting percentage was 100% in way of artificialpollination, but was 65.6% in way of natural pollination. When the more seeds were matured, the bigger widths of seeds were shown. However, the lengths of seeds were not influenced bythe intensities seed maturity. When plants of C. japonicum were flowering, twenty-two insectspecies were shown near of them, Even thought, the highest frequency of appearance wereshown by Asilidae sp. followed by Athemus nigrimembris(Kazantsev) and Musca domestica(Linne), it was shown that Hymenoptera and Diptera highly influence on seed setting of C. japonicum. It is expected that these results in this study contribute for expanding of habitats ofC. japonicum.
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