멸종위기 야생생물 왕제비꽃의 자생지 특성 및 주요 환경요인 규명 연구
A study on the habitat characteristics and key environmental factors of an endangered species, Viola websteri
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초록
본 연구에서는 한반도 멸종위기 야생생물 II급 왕제비꽃의 자생지 보전 및 개선방안을 마련하기 위해 왕제비꽃 생육지의 환경 특성을 파악하였고 개체 수에 영향을 미치는 주요 환경요인을 확인하고자 했다. 우리는 이를 위해 왕제비꽃 관련 문헌수집, 연구대상지 현지조사, 선행조사 결과 등을 토대로 공간분석을 실행하였고 왕제비꽃 개체 수와 생육지 환경 특성과 관련하여 32개 항목의 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 요인분석과 경로분석에 활용하였으며, 과학적 분석 과정과 결과에 기초하여 개체 수에 영향을 미치는 환경요인을 도출하였다. 더불어, 개체 수와 환경요인 사이의 상관관계를 검토하였다. 검토는 개체 수와 환경 특성에 관한 부분을 중심으로 고려하였고 평균 광량, 유기물 함량, 교목 높이, 교목 피도, 관목 피도, 토양 습도가 왕제비꽃 개체 수에 영향을 미치는 영향으로 파악되었다. 개체 수는 평균 광량과 음의 상관관계를 보였고, 유기물 함량, 교목 높이, 교목 피도, 관목 피도, 토양 습도와는 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 한편, 개체 수와 환경요인 간 인과 관계에 대한 반응을 나타내는 경로 분석 모델에서는 왕제비꽃의 결실률과 개체 높이가 강한 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 이와 같은 결과를 종합하면, 교목층이나 관목층의 높은 피도는 초본층이 울폐한 환경을 조성하고 이 과정에서 적당한 광량이 투과하여 토양 내 충분한 수분공급 및 유기물 함량을 유지할 수 있음에 따라 유리한 생육환경이 조성되며 왕제비꽃의 충분한 개체성장과 결실률로 이어진 것으로 판단된다.
Abstract
This study aimed to provide foundational data for the conservation and improvement of the habitat of an endangered species, Viola websteri, in South Korea, by identifying the environmental characteristics of its habitat and determining main environmental factors influencing its population size. To achieve this, this study conducted literature reviews, field surveys of study sites, and spatial analyses based on previous research results, collecting data for 32 environmental attributes related to V. websteri. These collected data were utilized for factor analysis and path analysis, leading to the identification of environmental factors affecting population size based on scientific analysis processes and results. Additionally, this study examined correlations between population size and environmental factors, focusing on aspects related to amount of light, organic matter, tree height, tree cover, shrub cover, and soil humidity, all of which were found to influence the population size of V. websteri. The population size showed a negative correlation with the amount of light. However, it showed positive correlations with organic matter, tree height, tree cover, shrub cover, and soil humidity. Furthermore, the path analysis model indicated a strong positive correlation between fruiting rate and individual height of V. websteri. Overall, these results suggest that high cover of tree and shrub layers can create an environment that suppresses the herbaceous layer, allowing adequate light penetration, sufficient soil humidity, and organic matter, which can promote both growth and fruiting rates of V. websteri.
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