초법적 살해(extrajudicial killing), 위험관리의 아웃소싱?: 필리핀 주민지도자의 죽음을 사례로
Extrajudicial Killing; Is It an Outsourcing of Risk Management? In Case of Killing of Philippine Civil Leaders.
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초록
필리핀의 초법적 살해(extrajudicial killing)는 권위주의 정권에서뿐만 아니라 오랫동안 안보를 유지하는 수단으로 작동해 왔다. 본고에서는 다양한 살해 사건 중에서 특히 산악지역이나 농촌지역의 주민지도자가 살해 대상이 되는 것에 주목하여, 어떤 활동들이 지역사회나 중앙국가에 위협이 되었으며, 초법적 살해를 자행하는 처형단(death squads)이 어떤 맥락에서 작동하는지를 보고자 한다. 댐 건설과 같은 국가사업에 반대하는 토착민 운동을 주도하거나, 공정한 분배를 목적으로 하는 지역사회개발사업을 운영하는 지도자 살해되는 과정은, 사회경제적인 문제나 인권이 안보나 질서라는 이름으로 은폐되고 있음을 알게 한다. 이 과정에서 처형단은 국가로부터 안보에 대한 업무를 하청 받아 수행하면서 제대로 통제받지 못한 상태에서 지역사회의 기득권을 유지하는 기구로서 작동하고 있다.
Abstract
The extrajudicial killings in the Philippines has been rampant not only during an authoritarian regime but also other governments that achieved procedural democracy. In this paper, focusing on the killing case of leaders in the mountain and rural area, I want to explore why the activities of those leaders became a threat to local elites, and in what contexts death squads operated. The fact that leaders were removed after leading the resistance against a dam construction or a fair trade movement, shows how the socioeconomic conflicts in local societies are hidden and pacified for so called ‘security and order.’ In this vein, the death squads are used for protecting vested interests of local elites, while these are necessarily controlled by the state.
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