오류 정정 부호를 결합한 계층적 워터마킹 기법
Hierarchical Watermarking Technique Combining Error Correction Codes
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초록
디지털 워터마킹은 디지털 컨텐츠에 정보를 삽입하는 기술이다. 불법 복제 근절과 인공지능이 생성한 콘텐츠 식별 기술로 디지털 워터마킹이주목받고 있지만, 여전히 다양한 상황에서 견고하지 못하다. 본 논문에서는 공격 탐지와 오류 정정 및 소유자 식별이 가능한 주파수 변환 기반의계층적 워터마킹 기법을 제안한다. 제안 방식은 계층적 워터마킹에 공격 탐지 및 오류 정정 시그니처 삽입을 통해 비가시성을 유지하며 용량과견고성 측면에서 종래 방법보다 향상된 성능을 보였다. 또한 오류정정부호 종류와 시그니처 삽입 횟수에 따른 이미지 품질과 오류정정 성능을비교 평가하는 프레임워크를 제안하여, 오류정정부호가 없는 종래 모델과 해밍 부호 및 BCH 부호를 적용한 종래 모델의 시각적 품질과 오류정정성능을 비교 평가하였다. 시그니처 삽입 횟수에 따른 품질을 비교한 결과에 따르면 삽입 횟수가 증가할수록 품질은 열화되나 공격 상황에 견고하였다. 그리고 오류정정부호 종류에 따른 품질과 오류 정정 능력을 분석한 결과에 따르면 BCH 부호보다 해밍 부호 사용 시 향상된 오류정정 성능을보였으며, 종래 방식 대비 41.31% 향상된 시그니처 복원 성능을 보였다.
Abstract
Digital watermarking is a technique for embedding information into digital content. Digital watermarking has attracted attention asa technique to combat piracy and identify artificially generated content, but it is still not robust in various situations. In this paper,we propose a frequency conversion-based hierarchical watermarking technique capable of attack detection, error correction, and owneridentification. By embedding attack detection and error correction signatures in hierarchical watermarking, the proposed scheme maintainsinvisibility and outperforms the existing methods in capacity and robustness. We also proposed a framework to evaluate the performanceof the image quality and error correction according to the type of error correction signature and the number of signature embeddings. We compared the visual quality and error correction performance of the conventional model without error correction signature and theconventional model with hamming and BCH signatures. We compared the quality by the number of signature embeddings and foundthat the quality deteriorates as the number of embeddings increases but is robust to attacks. By analyzing the quality and error correctionability by error correction signature type, we found that hamming codes showed better error correction performance than BCH codesand 41.31% better signature restoration performance than conventional methods.
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