집회시 경찰권 행사의 법적 근거와 한계 - 개괄적 수권조항을 중심으로 -
The Legal Ground and Limitation of Exercise of Police Power when an Assembly Is Held - Focused on The Clause of General Delegation of Power -
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Since holding of unlawful assemblies can possibly menace the public peace and order, police power can be exercised. However, the police power exercised for this purpose requires a legal basis since it is a typical infringement administration. The Law on Assembly and Demonstration and the Act on the Performance of Duties by Police Officers and so on are applied as such legal basis. In addition, the Clause of General Delegation of Power in the General Police Act must be recognized as a legal and constitutional basis for the police power to be exercised for unlawful gatherings to cope with various harms resulting from the assemblies. Therefore, it is reasonable to apply the Clause 1 of Article 5 of the Act on the Performance of Duties by Police Officers with respect to the Clause of General Delegation of Power in the General Police Act when an Assembly Is Held. Meanwhile, in order to justify the exercise of police power in assemblies, limits of law such as notification of various limits without immediate notification of prohibition of an assembly is held after a formal examination should be followed. Prior notice system in the Law on Assembly and Demonstration must not be transformed into the permit system prohibited by Article 21 Clause 2 of the Constitutional Law. And then a rightful exercise of public power can only be achieved when the police abides by principle of police equality, principle of police responsibility and principle of police balance during the exercise of discretionary of the police.
Abstract
Since holding of unlawful assemblies can possibly menace the public peace and order, police power can be exercised. However, the police power exercised for this purpose requires a legal basis since it is a typical infringement administration. The Law on Assembly and Demonstration and the Act on the Performance of Duties by Police Officers and so on are applied as such legal basis. In addition, the Clause of General Delegation of Power in the General Police Act must be recognized as a legal and constitutional basis for the police power to be exercised for unlawful gatherings to cope with various harms resulting from the assemblies. Therefore, it is reasonable to apply the Clause 1 of Article 5 of the Act on the Performance of Duties by Police Officers with respect to the Clause of General Delegation of Power in the General Police Act when an Assembly Is Held. Meanwhile, in order to justify the exercise of police power in assemblies, limits of law such as notification of various limits without immediate notification of prohibition of an assembly is held after a formal examination should be followed. Prior notice system in the Law on Assembly and Demonstration must not be transformed into the permit system prohibited by Article 21 Clause 2 of the Constitutional Law. And then a rightful exercise of public power can only be achieved when the police abides by principle of police equality, principle of police responsibility and principle of police balance during the exercise of discretionary of the police.
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