The WTO's Impact Corporate Strategy and Internationalization
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한국의 경제산업발전은 GATT와 WTO 세계무역체제에 의해 대표되는 개방된 세계시장에 크게 의존해 왔다. 오늘날에도 WTO의 다자주의 원칙은 자유무역을 저해하는 각종 장벽을 제거하는 가장 효과적 수단이라는 점에서 WTO를 통한 다자간 무역자유화 추진이 한국경제로서는 최선의 선택인 것으로 여겨지고 있다. 본 논문은 한국의 50개 회사를 대상으로 한 서베이 방법에 입각해 WTO가 한국 컴퓨터산업에 미친 영향을 기업전략과 국제화과정의 변화를 중심으로 고찰한다. 조사결과 WTO는 한국 대기업의 글로벌 아웃소싱과 해외투자를 촉진하는 효과를 가져오는 것으로 나타났다. 조사결과는 WTO가 한국 대기업들의 생산과정에 있어 지리적으로 분산된 여러 단계로 나뉘어진 국제적인 생산 네트워크를 구축하는데 긍정적인 영향을 미치고 있는 것을 보여준다. 그러나, 이러한 조사결과는 WTO가 국내 중소기업들에게는 부정적인 영향을 줄 수 있음을 시사한다.
Abstract
Korea's economic and industrial development has largely depended on open and international markets, sustained by the world trading system of the GATT and the WTO. It is still regarded that multilateral trade liberalization via the WTO is overall the most appropriate option for the Korean economy, in that the multilateralism principle embodied in the WTO can serve as the most effective means to dismantle all of the barriers that undermine free trade. This paper examines the impact of the WTO on Korean computer industry in terms of corporate strategy and internationalization process based on a survey of 50 firms in Korea. The results show that the WTO's strategic impact appears to increase global procurement and outward investment particularly among large Korean firms. The results suggest that the WTO has encouraged large Korean firms to slice up their production chain into many geographically separated stages so that the geographic dispersion of international production networks can take place. However, the results imply that increased global configuration of the production chain of large firms may have come at the expense of domestic suppliers.
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