18-19세기 한국 전통 종교와 옛 한글 문헌의 디자인적 특징 연구(2) - 동학 관련 한글 가사 글자체 및 민체 양식 고찰 -

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the type design characteristics of Donghak Hangul lyrics in the 19th century and to examine and identify of the Min-che style that was prominent at the time. Accordingly, under the spirit of the new Donghak zeitgeist, eight individual Korean lyrics of『Yongdamyusa』, written only in Hangul, have been selected: 1883 <Kyohoonga>, 1921 <Kyeonghoonga>, 1929 <Nonhakga>, 1932 <Gungulga><Inducksusunga><Yongdamga>, and undated <Sangwhadaemyeongga><Sikyungga>. The characteristics of each representative consonant and vowel, the letter or type size, width, balance, and typesetting were analyzed, as well as comparison with the Gung-che style. As a result, freedom of expression of letters or types in terms of balance and harmony was highlighted through unskilled and clumsy brushstrokes. In addition, the unique typesetting consisting of entirely Hangul characters stood out. In particular, Lyrics printed with New Lead Type that appeared with the introduction of Christianity and in the popular Lithographed lyric at the time saw the emergence of a new typeset composition of two and three columns. This represents a change from the single-column vertical composition of existing woodblock prints. There were established standardized styles characterized by geometric features and smooth brush strokes. In contrast, Donghak, led by powerless commoners, developed the Min-che style through Donghak Hangul lyrics to widely spread and propagate folk beliefs. This style is characterized by free-spirited brush strokes and non-standardized Type forms. This study investigated and identified how the religious factors of Donghak in the 19th century, along with the advancement of printing technology, influenced the development of the Min-che style as a social function. Additionally, it suggests that similar stylistic features may have existed as early as the 16th century, highlighting the need for extensive historical research on this style. It was proposed that future studies continue to explore the various changes and historical contexts of Hangul.