Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/ veno-occlusive disease after hematopoietic cell transplantation: historical and current considerations in Korea
2
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD) is a rare but severe complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) showing high mortality. Multiple risk factors for SOS/VOD were identified, but it is often confused with other hepatic complications due to nonspecific clinical features. Therefore, diagnostic and severity criteria have been revised several times. The European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation suggested a new guideline that excludes the standard duration of development within 21 days, emphasizes late-onset SOS/VOD, and suggests the importance of Doppler ultrasonography. The severity criteria were further subdivided for guidance to begin active treatment using defibrotide which was approved in Korea since 2016. In a phase 3 trial, defibrotide had superior 100-day survival, compared to best available treatments (38.2% vs. 25.0%). Although several studies of SOS/VOD in Korean patients have been performed after the implementation of HCT, most involved small number of pediatric patients. Recently, the Korean Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation investigated the incidence of SOS/VOD in the Korean population, and several influential studies of adult patients were published. Here, we summarize recent issues regarding the mechanism, diagnosis, severity criteria, prevention, and treatments of SOS/VOD in Korean patients, as well as recent analyses of nationwide incidence.
Abstract
Hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome/veno-occlusive disease (SOS/VOD) is a rare but severe complication of hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) showing high mortality. Multiple risk factors for SOS/VOD were identified, but it is often confused with other hepatic complications due to nonspecific clinical features. Therefore, diagnostic and severity criteria have been revised several times. The European Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation suggested a new guideline that excludes the standard duration of development within 21 days, emphasizes late-onset SOS/VOD, and suggests the importance of Doppler ultrasonography. The severity criteria were further subdivided for guidance to begin active treatment using defibrotide which was approved in Korea since 2016. In a phase 3 trial, defibrotide had superior 100-day survival, compared to best available treatments (38.2% vs. 25.0%). Although several studies of SOS/VOD in Korean patients have been performed after the implementation of HCT, most involved small number of pediatric patients. Recently, the Korean Society of Blood and Marrow Transplantation investigated the incidence of SOS/VOD in the Korean population, and several influential studies of adult patients were published. Here, we summarize recent issues regarding the mechanism, diagnosis, severity criteria, prevention, and treatments of SOS/VOD in Korean patients, as well as recent analyses of nationwide incidence.
참고문헌 (122)
- McDonald GB, "Venocclusive disease of the liver after bone marrow transplantation : diagnosis, incidence, and predisposing factors", Hepatology, 4, pp.116~122 (1984)
- McDonald GB, "Veno-occlusive disease of the liver and multiorgan failure after bone marrow transplantation : a cohort study of 355 patients", Ann Intern Med, 118, pp.255~267 (1993)
- Jones RJ, "Venoocclusive disease of the liver following bone marrow transplantation", Transplantation, 44, pp.778~783 (1987)
- Bearman SI, "The syndrome of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after marrow transplantation", Blood, 85, pp.3005~3020 (1995)
- Coppell JA, "Hepatic veno-occlusive disease following stem cell transplantation : incidence, clinical course, and outcome", Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 16, pp.157~168 (2010)
- Mohty M, "Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome", veno-occlusive disease : current situation and perspectives-a position statement from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation(EBMT), 2015, pp.50, 781~789
- Mohty M, "Revised diagnosis and severity criteria for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome", veno-occlusive disease in adult patients : a new classification from the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, 2016, pp.51, 906~912
- Corbacioglu S, "Diagnosis and severity criteria for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome", veno-occlusive disease in pediatric patients : a new classification from the European society for blood and marrow transplantation, 2018, pp.53, 138~145
- Marks DI, "Outcomes of allogeneic stem cell transplantation after inotuzumab ozogamicin treatment for relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia", Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 25, pp.1720~1729 (2019)
- Kantarjian HM, "Inotuzumab ozogamicin versus standard therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia", N Engl J Med, 375, pp.740~753 (2016)
- Khimani F, "Predictors of overall survival among patients treated with sirolimus", tacrolimus vs methotrexate, Bone Marrow Transplant, pp.2017, 52[DOI]
- Bearman SI, "Venoocclusive disease of the liver : development of a model for predicting fatal outcome after marrow transplantation", J Clin Oncol, 11, pp.1729~1736 (1993)
- Yoon JH, "Validation of treatment outcomes according to revised severity criteria from European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation(EBMT)for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome", veno-occlusive disease(SOS, Bone Marrow Transplant, pp.2019, 54[DOI]
- Richardson PG, "Phase 3 trial of defibrotide for the treatment of severe veno-occlusive disease and multi-organ failure", Blood, 127, pp.1656~1665 (2016)
- Coppell JA, "Veno-occlusive disease : cytokines, genetics, and haemostasis", Blood Rev, 17, pp.63~70 (2003)
- Carreras E, "The role of the endothelium in the short-term complications of hematopoietic SCT", Bone Marrow Transplant, 46, pp.1495~1502 (2011)
- DeLeve LD, "Cellular target of cyclophosphamide toxicity in the murine liver : role of glutathione and site of metabolic activation", Hepatology, 24, pp.830~837 (1996)
- Almog S, "Linearity and stability of intravenous busulfan pharmacokinetics and the role of glutathione in busulfan elimination", Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 17, pp.117~123 (2011)
- Biedermann BC, "Vascular endothelium and graft-versushost disease", Best Pract Res Clin Haematol, 21, pp.129~138 (2008)
- Fuste B, "Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor increases expression of adhesion receptors on endothelial cells through activation of p38 MAPK", Haematologica, 89, pp.578~585 (2004)
- Mercanoglu F, "Endothelial dysfunction in renal transplant patients is closely related to serum cyclosporine levels", Transplant Proc, 36, pp.1357~1360 (2004)
- Salat C, "Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 confirms the diagnosis of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in patients with hyperbilirubinemia after bone marrow transplantation", Blood, 89, pp.2184~2188 (1997)
- Cutler C, "Sirolimus is associated with veno-occlusive disease of the liver after myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation", Blood, 112, pp.4425~4431 (2008)
- Khimani F, "Hepatic veno-occlusive disease following sirolimus-based immune suppression", Bone Marrow Transplant, 54, pp.85~89 (2019)
- Wadleigh M, "Prior gemtuzumab ozogamicin exposure significantly increases the risk of veno-occlusive disease in patients who undergo myeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation", Blood, 102, pp.1578~1582 (2003)
- Mohty M, "Prophylactic, preemptive, and curative treatment for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome", veno-occlusive disease in adult patients : a position statement from an international expert group, 2020, pp.55, 485~495
- Carreras E, "Incidence and outcome of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after blood or marrow transplantation: a prospective cohort study of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation Chronic Leukemia Working Party", Blood, 92, pp.3599~3604 (1998)
- Nagler A, "Allogeneic hematopoietic SCT for adults AML using i.v. BU in the conditioning regimen: outcomes and risk factors for the occurrence of hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome", Bone Marrow Transplant, 49, pp.628~633 (2014)
- Yoon JH, "Incidence and risk factors of hepatic veno-occlusive disease", sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in adults with prophylactic ursodiol and intravenous heparin or prostaglandin E1, 2021, pp.56, 1603~1613
- Lee SC, "Excessive toxicity of once daily i.v. BU, melphalan and thiotepa followed by auto SCT on patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma", Bone Marrow Transplant, 45, pp.801~802 (2010)
- Lee JL, "Veno-occlusive disease of the liver after busulfan, melphalan, and thiotepa conditioning therapy : incidence, risk factors, and outcome", Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 5, pp.306~315 (1999)
- Yakushijin K, "Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : incidence, risk factors and outcomes", Bone Marrow Transplant, 51, pp.403~409 (2016)
- 김인호, "Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation for Patients with Advanced Hematological Malignancies: Comparison of Fludarabine-based Reduced Intensity Conditioning versus Myeloablative Conditioning", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 22(2), pp.227~234 (2007), 대한의학회
- Tsirigotis PD, "Incidence and risk factors for moderate-to-severe veno-occlusive disease of the liver after allogeneic stem cell transplantation using a reduced intensity conditioning regimen", Bone Marrow Transplant, 49, pp.1389~1392 (2014)
- Lee JH, "Decreased incidence of hepatic veno-occlusive disease and fewer hemostatic derangements associated with intravenous busulfan vs oral busulfan in adults conditioned with busulfan + cyclophosphamide for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation", Ann Hematol, 84, pp.321~330 (2005)
- Hwang DY, "High pre-transplant serum ferritin and busulfan-thiotepa conditioning regimen as risk factors for hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome after autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with malignant lymphoma", Leuk Lymphoma, 57, pp.51~57 (2016)
- Kim KH, "Treatment with intravenous busulfan, melphalan, and etoposide followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma : a multicenter study from the consortium for improving survival of lymphoma", Transpl Int, 33, pp.1211~1219 (2020)
- Yoon JH, "Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation using dose-reduced intravenous busulfan, melphalan, and thiotepa for high-risk or relapsed lymphomas", Bone Marrow Transplant, 54, pp.330~333 (2019)
- Song GY, "Intravenous busulfan and melphalan versus high-dose melphalan as a conditioning regimen for early autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma : a propensity scorematched analysis", Leuk Lymphoma, 61, pp.2714~2721 (2020)
- Jung SH, "Phase 2 study of an intravenous busulfan and melphalan conditioning regimen for autologous stem cell transplantation in patients with multiple myeloma(KMM150)", Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 24, pp.923~929 (2018)
- Ramasamy K, "Incidence and management of hepatic venoocclusive disease in 237 patients undergoing reduced-intensity conditioning(RIC)haematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT)", Bone Marrow Transplant, 38, pp.823~824 (2006)
- Lewis C, "Incidence, predictors, and outcomes of veno-occlusive disease", sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after reduced-intensity allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, 2020, pp.26, 529~539
- Hagglund H, "Norethisterone treatment, a major risk-factor for veno-occlusive disease in the liver after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation", Blood, 92, pp.4568~4572 (1998)
- Armand P, "Validation and refinement of the disease risk index for allogeneic stem cell transplantation", Blood, 123, pp.3664~3671 (2014)
- Cesaro S, "A prospective survey on incidence, risk factors and therapy of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", Haematologica, 90, pp.1396~1404 (2005)
- Corbacioglu S, "Stem cell transplantation in children with infantile osteopetrosis is associated with a high incidence of VOD, which could be prevented with defibrotide", Bone Marrow Transplant, 38, pp.547~553 (2006)
- Cheuk DK, "Risk factors and mortality predictors of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", Bone Marrow Transplant, 40, pp.935~944 (2007)
- Xia Y, "Hepatic veno-occlusive disease development in the hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients : incidence and associated risk factors, a meta-analysis", Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 33, pp.872~884 (2021)
- Je-Hwan Lee, "Biomarkers for hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after hematopoietic cell transplantation", Blood Research, 50(3), pp.123~125 (2015), 대한혈액학회
- Mi Young Yeom, "Hepatic veno-occlusive disease may develop in secondary iron overloaded mice after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with total body irradiation", Blood Research, 50(3), pp.140~146 (2015), 대한혈액학회
- Yoon JH, "HLA-mismatched donor and high ferritin level showed poor clinical outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with advanced myelofibrosis", Ther Adv Hematol, 11, pp.2040620720936935~ (2020)
- Lee SH, "Hepatic veno-occlusive disease in children after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : incidence, risk factors, and outcome", Bone Marrow Transplant, 45, pp.1287~1293 (2010)
- Corbacioglu S, "Risk factors for development of and progression of hepatic veno-occlusive disease", sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, 2019, pp.25, 1271~1280
- Kernan NA, "Defibrotide for the treatment of hepatic veno-occlusive disease", sinusoidal obstruction syndrome following nontransplant-associated chemotherapy : final results from a post hoc analysis of data from an expanded-access program, 2018, pp.65, e27269~
- Carmona A, "Distinct deleterious effects of cyclosporine and tacrolimus and combined tacrolimus-sirolimus on endothelial cells : protective effect of defibrotide", Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 19, pp.1439~1445 (2013)
- Seo AN, "Sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy", Clin Mol Hepatol, 20, pp.81~84 (2014)
- Choi JH, "Oxaliplatin-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome mimicking metastatic colon cancer in the liver", Oncol Lett, 11, pp.2861~2864 (2016)
- Han NY, "Hepatic parenchymal heterogeneity as a marker for oxaliplatin-induced sinusoidal obstruction syndrome : correlation with treatment response of colorectal cancer liver metastases", AJR Am J Roentgenol, 209, pp.1039~1045 (2017)
- Castaigne S, "Effect of gemtuzumab ozogamicin on survival of adult patients with de-novo acute myeloid leukaemia(ALFA-0701) : a randomised, open-label, phase 3 study", Lancet, 379, pp.1508~1516 (2012)
- Magwood-Golston JS, "Evaluation of gemtuzumab ozogamycin associated sinusoidal obstructive syndrome : findings from an academic pharmacovigilance program review and a pharmaceutical sponsored registry", Leuk Res, 44, pp.61~64 (2016)
- Amadori S, "Gemtuzumab ozogamicin versus best supportive care in older patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia unsuitable for intensive chemotherapy : results of the randomized phase III EORTC-GIMEMA AML-19 trial", J Clin Oncol, 34, pp.972~979 (2016)
- Battipaglia G, "Risk of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in allogeneic stem cell transplantation after prior gemtuzumab ozogamicin treatment : a retrospective study from the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the EBMT", Bone Marrow Transplant, 52, pp.592~599 (2017)
- Kantarjian HM, "Inotuzumab ozogamicin versus standard of care in relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia : final report and long-term survival follow-up from the randomized, phase 3 INO-VATE study", Cancer, 125, pp.2474~2487 (2019)
- Kebriaei P, "Management of important adverse events associated with inotuzumab ozogamicin : expert panel review", Bone Marrow Transplant, 53, pp.449~456 (2018)
- Kim DS, "Introduction : health of the health care system in Korea", Soc Work Public Health, 25, pp.127~141 (2010)
- Corbacioglu S, "Defibrotide for prophylaxis of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in paediatric haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation : an open-label, phase 3, randomised controlled trial", Lancet, 379, pp.1301~1309 (2012)
- Carreras E, "Veno-occlusive disease of the liver after high-dose cytoreductive therapy with busulfan and melphalan for autologous blood stem cell transplantation in multiple myeloma patients", Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 13, pp.1448~1454 (2007)
- Carreras E, "How I manage sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after haematopoietic cell transplantation", Br J Haematol, 168, pp.481~491 (2015)
- Mehra V, "Early and late-onset veno-occlusive disease", sinusoidal syndrome post allogeneic stem cell transplantation : a real-world UK experience, 2021, pp.21, 864~869
- Corbacioglu S, "Incidence of anicteric veno-occlusive disease", sinusoidal obstruction syndrome and outcomes with defibrotide following hematopoietic cell transplantation in adult and pediatric patients, 2020, pp.26, 1342~1349
- Cairo MS, "Modified diagnostic criteria, grading classification and newly elucidated pathophysiology of hepatic SOS", VOD after haematopoietic cell transplantation, 2020, pp.190, 822~836
- 신승환, "Hepatic veno-occlusive disease resulting in tacrolimus toxicity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", Blood Research, 48(1), pp.55~57 (2013), 대한혈액학회
- Roeker LE, "Early clinical predictors of hepatic veno-occlusive disease", sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after myeloablative stem cell transplantation, 2019, pp.25, 137~144
- Lee JH, "Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 is an independent diagnostic marker as well as severity predictor of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in adults conditioned with busulphan and cyclophosphamide", Br J Haematol, 118, pp.1087~1094 (2002)
- Lee JH, "Veno-occlusive disease of the liver after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for severe aplastic anemia", Bone Marrow Transplant, 26, pp.657~662 (2000)
- Scrobohaci ML, "Liver veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation changes in coagulation parameters and endothelial markers", Thromb Res, 63, pp.509~519 (1991)
- Collins PW, "von Willebrand factor as a marker of endothelial cell activation following BMT", Bone Marrow Transplant, 10, pp.499~506 (1992)
- Akil A, "Biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after hematopoietic cell transplantation", Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 21, pp.1739~1745 (2015)
- Lee JH, "Relevance of proteins C and S, antithrombin III, von Willebrand factor, and factor VIII for the development of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation : a prospective study", Bone Marrow Transplant, 22, pp.883~888 (1998)
- Iguchi A, "Plasma protein C is a useful clinical marker for hepatic veno-occlusive disease(VOD)in stem cell transplantation", Pediatr Blood Cancer, 54, pp.437~443 (2010)
- Piao Z, "Effect of FOXP3 polymorphism on the clinical outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric acute leukemia patients", Int Immunopharmacol, 31, pp.132~139 (2016)
- Strouse C, "Risk score for the development of veno-occlusive disease after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant", Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 24, pp.2072~2080 (2018)
- Jiang S, "Predicting sinusoidal obstruction syndrome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation with the EASIX biomarker panel", Haematologica, 106, pp.446~453 (2021)
- Song GY, "Endothelial activation and stress index(EASIX)is a reliable predictor for overall survival in patients with multiple myeloma", BMC Cancer, 20, pp.803~ (2020)
- Varma A, "Endothelial Activation and Stress Index(EASIX)at admission predicts fluid overload in recipients of allogeneic stem cell transplantation", Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 26, pp.1013~1020 (2020)
- Luft T, "EASIX and mortality after allogeneic stem cell transplantation", Bone Marrow Transplant, 55, pp.553~561 (2020)
- Shouval R, "External validation and comparison of multiple prognostic scores in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", Blood Adv, 3, pp.1881~1890 (2019)
- Luft T, "EASIX in patients with acute graft-versus-host disease : a retrospective cohort analysis", Lancet Haematol, 4, pp.e414~e423 (2017)
- Park JE, "Gallbladder wall oedema and ascites are independent predictors of progression to hepatic veno-occlusive disease for children with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", Eur Radiol, 28, pp.2291~2298 (2018)
- Chung H, "Ultrasound in hepatic veno-occlusive disease(HVOD)after pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT) : comparison of diagnostic criteria including the pediatric criteria of european society for blood and marrow transplantation(EBMT)", Pediatr Hematol Oncol, 37, pp.275~287 (2020)
- Hong EK, "Assessment of hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome with intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging : an experimental study in a rat model", J Magn Reson Imaging, 51, pp.81~89 (2020)
- Shin J, "Liver stiffness and perfusion changes for hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in rabbit model", World J Gastroenterol, 26, pp.706~716 (2020)
- Park SH, "Noninvasive assessment of hepatic sinusoidal obstructive syndrome using acoustic radiation force impulse elastography imaging : a proofof-concept study in rat models", Eur Radiol, 28, pp.2096~2106 (2018)
- Richardson PG, "The use of defibrotide in blood and marrow transplantation", Blood Adv, 2, pp.1495~1509 (2018)
- Richardson PG, "Defibrotide sodium for the treatment of hepatic veno-occlusive disease", sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, 2018, pp.11, 113~124
- Richardson PG, "Earlier defibrotide initiation post-diagnosis of veno-occlusive disease", sinusoidal obstruction syndrome improves Day +100 survival following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation, 2017, pp.178, 112~118
- Richardson PG, "Defibrotide for patients with hepatic veno-occlusive disease", sinusoidal obstruction syndrome : interim results from a treatment IND study, 2017, pp.23, 997~1004
- Ho VT, "Hepatic veno-occlusive disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : update on defibrotide and other current investigational therapies", Bone Marrow Transplant, 41, pp.229~237 (2008)
- Yoon JH, "Experiences of t-PA use in moderate-to-severe hepatic veno-occlusive disease after hematopoietic SCT: is it still reasonable to use t-PA?", Bone Marrow Transplant, 48, pp.1562~1568 (2013)
- Hennenfent KL, "Is there a role for high-dose methylprednisolone in the treatment of hepatic regimen-related toxicity?", Bone Marrow Transplant, 37, pp.229~ (2006)
- Al Beihany A, "Successful treatment of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after myeloablative allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by early administration of a short course of methylprednisolone", Bone Marrow Transplant, 41, pp.287~291 (2008)
- Khoury H, "Does early treatment with high-dose methylprednisolone alter the course of hepatic regimen-related toxicity?", Bone Marrow Transplant, 25, pp.737~743 (2000)
- Haussmann U, "Hepatic veno-occlusive disease in pediatric stem cell transplantation : impact of pre-emptive antithrombin III replacement and combined antithrombin III", defibrotide therapy, 2006, pp.91, 795~800
- Gomez-Centurion I, "Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt for very severe veno-occlusive disease", sinusoidal obstruction syndrome(VOD, Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, pp.2020, 26[DOI]
- Azoulay D, "Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPS)for severe veno-occlusive disease of the liver following bone marrow transplantation", Bone Marrow Transplant, 25, pp.987~992 (2000)
- Kim ID, "A successful liver transplantation for refractory hepatic veno-occlusive disease originating from cord blood transplantation", Am J Transplant, 2, pp.796~800 (2002)
- Wadleigh M, "Hepatic veno-occlusive disease : pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment", Curr Opin Hematol, 10, pp.451~462 (2003)
- Chao N, "How I treat sinusoidal obstruction syndrome", Blood, 123, pp.4023~4026 (2014)
- Kernan NA, "Final results from a defibrotide treatment-IND study for patients with hepatic veno-occlusive disease", sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, 2018, pp.181, 816~827
- Essell JH, "Ursodiol prophylaxis against hepatic complications of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial", Ann Intern Med, 128(12 Pt 1), pp.975~981 (1998)
- Ruutu T, "Ursodeoxycholic acid for the prevention of hepatic complications in allogeneic stem cell transplantation", Blood, 100, pp.1977~1983 (2002)
- Ohashi K, "The Japanese multicenter open randomized trial of ursodeoxycholic acid prophylaxis for hepatic veno-occlusive disease after stem cell transplantation", Am J Hematol, 64, pp.32~38 (2000)
- Tay J, "Systematic review of controlled clinical trials on the use of ursodeoxycholic acid for the prevention of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", Biol Blood Marrow Transplant, 13, pp.206~217 (2007)
- Park SH, "A randomized trial of heparin plus ursodiol vs. heparin alone to prevent hepatic veno-occlusive disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", Bone Marrow Transplant, 29, pp.137~143 (2002)
- Marsa-Vila L, "Prophylactic heparin does not prevent liver veno-occlusive disease following autologous bone marrow transplantation", Eur J Haematol, 47, pp.346~354 (1991)
- Attal M, "Prevention of hepatic veno-occlusive disease after bone marrow transplantation by continuous infusion of low-dose heparin : a prospective, randomized trial", Blood, 79, pp.2834~2840 (1992)
- Or R, "Low molecular weight heparin for the prevention of veno-occlusive disease of the liver in bone marrow transplantation patients", Transplantation, 61, pp.1067~1071 (1996)
- Imran H, "Use of prophylactic anticoagulation and the risk of hepatic veno-occlusive disease in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation : a systematic review and meta-analysis", Bone Marrow Transplant, 37, pp.677~686 (2006)
- Gluckman E, "Use of prostaglandin E1 for prevention of liver veno-occlusive disease in leukaemic patients treated by allogeneic bone marrow transplantation", Br J Haematol, 74, pp.277~281 (1990)
- Bearman SI, "A phase I", II study of prostaglandin E1 for the prevention of hepatic venocclusive disease after bone marrow transplantation, 1993, pp.84, 724~730
- 송준섭, "Prophylactic Low-dose Heparin or Prostaglandin E(1) may Prevent Severe Veno-occlusive Disease of the Liver after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Korean Children", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 21(5), pp.897~903 (2006), 대한의학회
- Park M, "Safety and effects of prophylactic defibrotide for sinusoidal obstruction syndrome in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation", Ann Transplant, 18, pp.36~42 (2013)
