攝政王 도르곤의 北京 점령과 遷都의 실행

Abstract

This article examines the policies that the headquarters of Prince Regent Dorgon implemented after the occupation of Beijing in 1644. Due to Dorgon’s meticulous work, the newly established “Beijing Court” was able to secure a significant degree of control and authority over the newly conquered area, but stabilizing the disorder and chaos that happened after the fall of the Ming and the conquest of Qing required more time and effort. It is no surprise that the initial round of policies in Beijing were mostly impromptu and reactive. Still, Dorgon fully understood that securing Beijing was essential in securing his authority and therefore continued to introduce new policies – sometimes forcefully, sometimes through negotiations – to stabilize the rule of Beijing. Amidst the continuous talks between the “Beijing Court” of Dorgon, and the “Shengjing Court” of Shunzhi emperor, transferring the capital to Beijing became understood and confirmed. Finally, on the nineteenth day of the ninth month in 1644, Shunzhi emperor himself moved to Beijing, and with the accession ceremony held on the first day of the tenth month, the official transfer of the Qing capital was completed. The once temporary “Beijing Court” now became the new official capital of the Qing dynasty. In this process of establishing the Beijing as the seat of the imperial government, Dorgon set new firm principles of rule, administration and conquest. It was evident that the Qing was willing to adjust and yield their policies according to the changing circumstance around their conquest and settlement. However, at the very same time, there were strict principles that the Manchus would adhere to and not abandon. In the very end, it was another vivid example of the “Manchu Way.”