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복합제품시스템 기업의 개방형 혁신 : 반도체 노광장비 기업 ASML 사례를 중심으로

Open Innovation in Complex Product Systems : Evidence from the ASML in the Lithography Equipment Industry

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주제분류경영학

초록

복합제품시스템이란 계층화되어 있는 다양한 부품·서브시스템이 긴밀히 통합되어 기능을 구현하는 대형 시스템 형태의 제품이다. 이러한 복합제품시스템은 대량생산제품에 비해 (1) 구성 부품·서브시스템 수가 훨씬 많고, 시스템 수준에서 최적화된 성능을 요구하는 점, (2) 공급사 간 및 시스템 기업·공급사 간 광범위하면서도 높은 수준의 조정이 필수라는 점, 동시에 (3) 소수의 시스템 기업에 의한 과점 시장 구조라는 점에서 시스템 기업에게 부품·서브시스템 기업과의 개방형 혁신을 위한 협력에서 차별화된 역량과 전략을 요구한다. 이에 따라 본연구는 “복합제품시스템 기업은 어떻게 개방형 혁신을 성공적으로 추진하였는가?”라는 연구문제에 천착하여 반도체 노광장비 분야 1위 기업인 네덜란드 ASML에 대한 사례연구를 수행하였다. 연구 결과, ASML은 (1) 지리적으로 근접한 협력 파트너와의 공급사슬 플랫폼 구축, (2) SW 기반의 시스템 통합 역량, (3) 공급사 거래비용감소를 위한 Value Sourcing 전략을 통해 성공적인 개방형 혁신을 수행해 왔음을 확인하였다. 본 연구는 대량생산제품 중심의 개방형 혁신 논의를 복합제품시스템으로 확장하는데 기여하고, 거래비용 관점에서 개방형 혁신의 성공 조건을 실증적으로 확인하였다는 점에서 그 의의를 찾을 수 있다.

Abstract

Complex product systems (CoPS) are high-value, software (SW) intensive, and customized capital goods, systems, networks, and infrastructure. Due to the characteristics of (1) complex interfaces and interactions among components, (2) extensive and sophisticated coordination among firms for optimization in performance at system-level, and (3) oligopolistic market structure, it is critical for system companies of CoPS to develop distinctive capabilities and strategies for collaborative innovation with components suppliers. However, we know little about it beyond what we can add insights from anecdotal evidence or inference from the findings on mass-produced goods. Accordingly, we conduct a case study on ASML in the Lithography Equipment Industry with a purposive sampling methodology and explore the research question, “How do the system companies implement open innovation strategies to develop CoPS successfully?” We found that three capabilities and strategies, i.e., (1) supply chain platform with geographic proximity, (2) SW-based system integration capabilities, and (3) ‘Value-Sourcing’ strategy to reduce transaction cost of component suppliers, resulted in the successful open innovation and market performance of ASML We advance our understanding of the open innovation phenomenon by providing new evidence on CoPS and drawing on a transaction cost perspective.

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