판결문 분석을 통한 소년 살인 범죄의 특성 고찰
Characteristics of Juvenile Homicide Crime: Judgment Analysis
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본 연구의 목적은 국내 소년 살인 범죄와 소년 살인범들의 실태와 특성을 탐색하여 소년 살인 예방과 관련 정책 입안을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 한다. 이를 위해 대법원 판결문 검색시스템을 통하여 2013년부터 2021년까지 공개된 국내 만14세~18세 사이의 소년들이 피고인인 소년 살인사건(기수, 미수, 예비, 음모, 방조 포함) 형사 1심 판결문 33건을 수집하여 소년 살인 범죄와 살인범의 특성을 분석하였다. 그 결과 소년 살인 범죄의 가해자 75.8%가 평균 16.95세의 남자 소년들로 친족, 연인, 지인과 같은 아는 관계(8.18%)의 피해자를 살해하여 평균 장기 89.2월, 단기 37.7월의 유기징역을 선고받은 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 소년 살인범들은 표현적 동기(치정·애정 문제, 말다툼, 불화·가족 문제 등)로 인해 우발적 살인을 저지르는 경향이 나타났다. 아울러, 대부분 비음주 상태에서 단독으로 범행을 실행했고, 다수의 공범이 존재하는 사춘기 집단살인 범죄도 12.1%나 존재하였다. 또한 가해자의 33%는 ADHD, 조울증 등 정신질환을 가지고 있었다. 이러한 분석 결과를 근거로 소년 살인 예방을 위한 형사사법적 개선과 제도권 내 교육에 대한 정책적 제언과 후속 연구의 필요성을 제안하였다.
Abstract
The styudy aimed to provide primary data for policies and drafting related to juvenile homicide crime prevention by exploring the actual conditions and characteristics of domestic juvenile homicide and juvenile killers. To this end, 33 criminal first trial rulings (including jockey, attempted, preliminary, conspiracy, and aiding and abetting) were collected of boys aged 14-18 years in Korea, released between 2013 and 2020. The collected judgments were analyzed or the characteristics of juvenile murder crimes and murderers. Consequently, 75.8% of the perpetrators of juvenile murder crimes were found to have been sentenced to an average of 89.2 months. Futhermore, they were sentenced to minimum of approximately 37.7 months in prison for killing victims of acquaintances such as relatives, lovers, and acquaintances. These juvenile killers mostly committed murder accidentally owing to expressive motives, such as (affection, quarrels, discord and family issues). Additionally, most of them committed crimes alone while not under the influence of alcohol, Nonetheless, 12.1% of adolescent mass homicide crimes with multiple accomplices were also committed. Moreover, up to 33% of the perpetrators showed characteristics of mental illness such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and bipolar disorder. these results can help propose policy suggestions and follow-up studies on the need for criminal justice improvement and education within the institutional sphere to prevent juvenile murder cases.
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