A Pragmatic Analysis of Vietnamese EFL Textbooks: The Case of Disagreement
1
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The present study evaluates how upper-secondary school English language textbooks in Vietnam teach disagreement, a speech act that is central to classroom discourse but has received limited attention in textbook evaluation studies. The study employs an analytical framework derived from previous pragmatics research to analyse three textbooks and their accompanying audio files. The quantitative and qualitative analysis focused on the distribution of three key features: disagreement forms, contextual and metapragmatic information, and types of instructional activities aimed at enhancing students' pragmatic awareness. The study found a mismatch between the textbook input and authentic language use reported in previous pragmatics research, with textbooks featuring more instances of strong disagreement compared to disagreement prefaced with agreement. In addition, the textbooks presented a limited range of interactional resources for managing disagreement, thus restricting students' exposure to pragmatic input. Finally, while the textbooks exposed students to disagreement in interactive situations, they lacked explicit instruction to guide students to notice how disagreement is performed in context. The study highlights the need for more attention to be given to pragmatic competence in English language teaching materials, particularly with regard to the teaching of disagreement, and provides recommendations for improving the quality of EFL textbooks.
Abstract
The present study evaluates how upper-secondary school English language textbooks in Vietnam teach disagreement, a speech act that is central to classroom discourse but has received limited attention in textbook evaluation studies. The study employs an analytical framework derived from previous pragmatics research to analyse three textbooks and their accompanying audio files. The quantitative and qualitative analysis focused on the distribution of three key features: disagreement forms, contextual and metapragmatic information, and types of instructional activities aimed at enhancing students' pragmatic awareness. The study found a mismatch between the textbook input and authentic language use reported in previous pragmatics research, with textbooks featuring more instances of strong disagreement compared to disagreement prefaced with agreement. In addition, the textbooks presented a limited range of interactional resources for managing disagreement, thus restricting students' exposure to pragmatic input. Finally, while the textbooks exposed students to disagreement in interactive situations, they lacked explicit instruction to guide students to notice how disagreement is performed in context. The study highlights the need for more attention to be given to pragmatic competence in English language teaching materials, particularly with regard to the teaching of disagreement, and provides recommendations for improving the quality of EFL textbooks.
참고문헌 (68)
- Al-Gahtani, S., "Proficiency and preference organization in second language refusals", Journal of Pragmatics, 129, pp.140~153 (2018)[DOI]
- Angouri, J., "Theorising disagreement", Journal of Pragmatics, 12(44), pp.1549~1553 (2012)[DOI]
- Bardovi-Harlig, K., "Developing L2 pragmatics", Language Learning, 63(s1), pp.68~86 (2013)[DOI]
- Bardovi-Harlig, K., "Studying speaking to inform second language learning", pp.199~227 (2004), Multilingual Matters
- Barron, A., "Using corpus-linguistic methods to track longitudinal development : Routine apologies in the study abroad context", Journal of Pragmatics, 146, pp.87~105 (2019)[DOI]
- Basturkmen, H., "The Routledge handbook of pragmatics", pp.563~574 (2017), Routledge
- Bjørge, A., "Expressing disagreement in ELF business negotiations : Theory and practice", Applied Linguistics, 33(4), pp.406~427 (2012)[DOI]
- Brown, P., "Politeness: Some universals in language use" (1987), Cambridge University Press
- Celce-Murcia, M, "Intercultural language use and language learning", pp.41~57 (2008), Springer
- Dang, T. C. T, "An evaluation of primary English textbooks in Vietnam : A sociolinguistic perspective", TESOL Journal, 9(1), pp.93~113 (2018)[DOI]
- Economidou-Kogetsidis, M., "Variation in evaluations of the(im)politeness of emails from L2 learners and perceptions of the personality of their senders", Journal of Pragmatics, 106, pp.1~19 (2016)[DOI]
- Ellis, R., "A study of Chinese learners’ ability to comprehend irony", Journal of Pragmatics, 172, pp.7~20 (2021)[DOI]
- Fujimoto, D., "Pragmatics and language learning Vol. 12", pp.297~326 (2010), National Foreign Language Resource Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa
- García-Fuentes, C., "The effect of explicit instruction and task repetition on Colombian EFL students’ use of politeness strategies during disagreements", The Language Learning Journal, 46(4), pp.470~482 (2018)[DOI]
- Gardner, R., "Resources for delicate manoeuvres : Learning to disagree", Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 16(1), pp.31~47 (2000)[DOI]
- Georgakopoulou, A., "Arguing about the future : On indirect disagreements in conversations", Journal of Pragmatics, 33(12), pp.1881~1900 (2001)[DOI]
- Halenko, N., "Email pragmatics and second language learners", pp.101~126 (2021), John Benjamins
- Hoang, T. H., "Direct disagreement in Vietnamese students’ EFL group work discussion", Australian Review of Applied Linguistics, 42(1), pp.59~83 (2019)[DOI]
- Hoang, V. V., "English 10-11-12- student’s’ book" (2016), Education Publisher & Pearson
- Hüttner, J., "Agreeing to disagree : ‘Doing disagreement’ in assessed oral L2 interactions", Classroom Discourse, 5(2), pp.194~215 (2014)[DOI]
- Ishihara, N., "Teaching and learning pragmatics: Where language and culture meet" (2022), Routledge
- Ishihara, N., "SLA research and materials development for language learning", pp.87~102 (2016), Routledge
- Jakupčević, E., "An analysis of pragmatic content in EFL textbooks for young learners in Croatia", Language Teaching Research (2021), Advance online publication[DOI]
- Le, V. C., "Building teacher capacity in English language teaching in Vietnam: Research, policy and practice" (2020), Routledge
- Limberg, H., "Teaching how to apologize : EFL textbooks and pragmatic input", Language Teaching Research, 20(6), pp.700~718 (2016)[DOI]
- Loewen, S., "Introduction to instructed second language acquisition" (2020), Routledge
- MOET, "National English language draft syllabus", Ministry of Education of Vietnam, ~ (2018)
- Muntigl, P., "Conversational structure and facework in arguing", Journal of Pragmatics, 29(3), pp.225~256 (1998)[DOI]
- Nguyen, H. T, "Ordering fast food : Service encounters in real-life interaction and in textbook dialogs", JALT Journal, 34(2), pp.151~185 (2012)[DOI]
- Nguyen, M. T. T., "Learning to communicate in a globalized world : To what extent do school textbooks facilitate the development of intercultural pragmatic competence?", RELC Journal, 42(1), pp.17~30 (2011)[DOI]
- Nguyen, M. T. T., "Communicative competence in a second language: Theory, method, and applications", pp.135~151 (2022), Routledge
- Nguyen, M. T. T., "Pragmatics pedagogy in English as an international language", pp.136~154 (2020), Routledge
- Nguyen, T. T. M., "Building teacher capacity in English language teaching in Vietnam: Research, policy and practice", pp.150~165 (2019), Routledge
- Nguyen, T. T. M., "New Perspectives on the development of communicative and related competence in foreign language education", pp.229~288 (2018), De Gruyter
- Nguyen, T. T. M., "Teaching pragmatics in EFL classrooms", The Association for the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia, ~ (2019)
- Nguyen, T. T. M., "How well do ELT textbooks prepare students to use English in global contexts? An evaluation of the Vietnamese English textbooks from an English as an international language(EIL)perspective", Asian Englishes, 23(2), pp.184~200 (2021)[DOI]
- Ogiermann, E., "From speech acts to lay understandings of politeness: Multilingual and multicultural perspectives", pp.146~174 (2019), Cambridge University Press
- Agreement and disagreement in conversational discourse and ESL, "EFL materials", Pearson, E., 1986, pp.1~20, University of Hawai'i Working Papers in English as a Second Language, 3
- Petraki, E., "Teaching oral requests", Pragmatics, 23(3), pp.499~517 (2013)[DOI]
- Pérez-Hernández, L., "From research to the textbook: Assessing speech acts representation in course book series for students of English as an L2", Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada, 2019, pp.32(1), 248~276
- Pickering, L., "Pragmatics and prosody in English language teaching", pp.199~218 (2012), Springer
- Plonsky, L., "The Routledge handbook of second language acquisition and pragmatics", pp.287~307 (2019), Routledge
- Pomerantz, A, "Structures of social actions", pp.57~101 (1984), Cambridge University Press
- Rees-Miller, J., "Power, severity, and context in disagreement", Journal of Pragmatics, 32(8), pp.1087~1111 (2000)[DOI]
- Ren, W., "The representation of pragmatic knowledge in recent ELT textbooks", ELT Journal, 70(4), pp.424~434 (2016)[DOI]
- Sacks, H, "Talk and Social Organization", pp.54~69 (1987), Multilingual Matters
- Schauer, G. A., "Teaching and learning English in the primary school: Interlanguage pragmatics in the EFL context", pp.159~187 (2019), Springer
- Schegloff, E. A., "Sequence organization in interaction: A primer in conversation analysis" (2007), Cambridge University Press
- Schmidt, R., "Cognition and second language instruction", pp.3~33 (2001), Cambridge University Press
- David Shimamoto, "How Advanced-level Japanese EFL Learners Manage Disagreements in Group Discussions", Journal of Asia TEFL, 19(3), pp.777~796 (2022), 아시아테플
- Sifianou, M., "Disagreements, face and politeness", Journal of Pragmatics, 44(12), pp.1554~1564 (2012)[DOI]
- Taguchi, N., "Cognition, langage contact, and the development of pragmatic comprehension in a study-abroad context", Language Learning, 59(1), pp.33~71 (2008)[DOI]
- Taguchi, N., "Instructed pragmatics at a glance : Where instructional studies were, are, and should be going", Language Teaching, 48(1), pp.1~50 (2015)[DOI]
- Taguchi, N., "Second language pragmatics" (2017), Oxford University Press
- Taguchi, N., "Longitudinal L2 development in the prosodic marking of pragmatic meaning : Prosodic changes in L2 speech acts and individual factors", Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 44(3), pp.843~858 (2021)[DOI]
- Takimoto, M., "Exploring the effects of intention-oriented input-based instruction in second language pragmatics : A case of English request hedges", The Journal of Asia TEFL, 10(4), pp.41~69 (2013)
- Thomas, J., "Cross-cultural pragmatic failure", Applied Linguistics, 4(2), pp.91~112 (1983)[DOI]
- Tomlinson, B., "SLA research and materials development for language learning" (2016), Routledge
- Tomlinson, B., "Evaluating, adapting and developing materials for learners of English as an international language", The Association for the Teaching of English as a Foreign Language in Indonesia (TEFLIN), ~ (2019)
- Tomlinson, B., "The Complete Guide to the theory and practice of materials development for language learning", pp.82~116 (2018), Wiley Blackwell
- Ton Nu, A. T, "Pragmatic content in EFL textbooks: An investigation into Vietnamese national teaching materials", TESL-EJ, 24(3), pp.1~29 (2020)
- Toomaneejinda, A., "Disagreement practices in ELF academic group discussion : Verbal, nonverbal and Interactional Strategies", Journal of English as a Lingua Franca, 7(2), pp.307~332 (2018)[DOI]
- Tsuda, S., "Cultural awareness in teaching English : Analysing intercultural communication and teaching positive politeness strategies", The Journal of Asia TEFL, 4(3), pp.161~185 (2007)
- Walkinshaw, I., "The international encyclopedia of language and social", pp.1~6 (2015), Wiley
- Wang, Y. F., "Disagreements in casual Taiwanese Mandarin conversations : A gender-based study", Journal of Pragmatics, 192, pp.1~18 (2022)[DOI]
- Agus Wijayanto, "Evaluating Impoliteness in L2: A Study of Pragmatic Competence of Indonesian EFL Teacher Trainees", Journal of Asia TEFL, 16(4), pp.1152~1167 (2019), 아시아테플
- EFL teachers, "Conversation analysis and second language pedagogy: A guide for ESL", pp.2021, Wong, J.
- Zhu, W., "Managing relationships in everyday practice : The case of strong disagreement in Mandarin", Journal of Pragmatics, 64, pp.85~101 (2014)[DOI]