성인을 대상으로 한 샤덴프로이데 경향성 척도의 타당화 연구
Validation of the Schadenfreude Tendency Scale among Korean adults
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샤덴프로이데(schadenfreude)는 타인의 불행에 대한 즐거움을 의미하는 개념으로, 본 연구에서는 향후 샤덴프로이데 연구를 성인까지 확대할 수 있는 기반을 마련하기 위해 청소년을 대상으로 개발된 샤덴프로이데 경향성 척도(Schadenfreude Tendency Scale, STS)를 성인을 대상으로 타당화하였다. 이를 위해 연구 1에서는 1) 심리학 석사 및 박사 12명에게 각 문항의 적합성을 평정하도록 하고, 2) 대학생 및 대학원생 99명을 대상으로 샤덴프로이데를 경험할 수 있는 다양한 상황들(싫어함, 부당함, 동일시, 보상, 공격, 경쟁, 정의)이 포괄적으로 제시된 문항과 시나리오 및 STS를 측정한 뒤 분석하여 STS의 내용타당도를 검증하였다. 분석 결과 STS는 성인들을 대상으로도 샤덴프로이데를 타당하게 측정할 수 있는 문항들로 구성되어 있었다. 연구 2에서는 일반인 330명을 대상으로 STS의 탐색적 및 확인적 요인분석과 변별타당도를 검증하였다. 이를 위해 샤덴프로이데와 유사한 사회적 맥락에서 경험되지만, 샤덴프로이데와 구별되는 정서인 시기심, 공감적 행복(공감 및 사랑), 연민을 측정하였고, 추가적으로 우울, 삶의 만족도 및 사회적 바람직성을 측정하였다. 분석 결과, 샤덴프로이데는 외동이거나 형제자매가 3명 이상일 때보다 형제자매가 1~2명일 때 유의하게 높게 나타냈으며, 무직의 상태일 때 다른 직업적 상태에 비해 상대적으로 점수가 높은 경향이 있었다. 또한 STS는 단일요인으로 구성된 척도로 나타났다. 연령 및 사회적 바람직성을 통제하여 분석한 결과, 기존 연구결과와 유사하게 샤덴프로이데는 시기심과는 중간정도의 정적 상관을 보였고, 공감적 행복과 연민과는 부적 상관을 나타내어 적절하게 변별됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 우울과 정적 상관을 보였고, 삶의 만족도와는 유의한 상관이 나타나지 않았다. 즉, 타인의 불행을 즐거워하는 샤덴프로이데는 오히려 자신의 부정적 감정과 관련되며 삶의 만족과는 큰 상관이 없었다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 의의와 한계점을 논하였다.
Abstract
Schadenfreude is the pleasure of other's misfortunes. This article describes the validation of the Schadenfreude Tendency Scale(STS) among Korean adults, which was originally developed for adolescents. In Study 1, 1) twelve psychologists were asked to evaluate the suitability of each item of the STS, 2) the STS, questions and scenario containing various Schadenfreude situations(aversion, injustice, identification, compensation, aggression, rivalry, justice) administered to 99 college and graduate students. As a result, it was confirmed that the STS consists of questions that can measure the Schadenfreude for adults. In study 2, 330 people participated to investigate the STS’s reliability and validity and the relations between the STS and related scales(envy, empathic happiness, sympathy, depression, satisfaction with life). Results from study 2 indicate that the STS has a single-factor structure and good internal consistency. When controlling for age, there was a significant difference in the level of Schadenfreude based on number of siblings. The unemployed’s Schadenfreude score tended to be relatively higher than other occupational statuses. When controlling for age and social desirability, the STS was significantly correlated with other measures of envy, empathic happiness, and sympathy confirming the scale’s discriminant construct validity. Schadenfreude was significantly correlated with higher level of depression and there was no significant correlation with life satisfaction. In the discussion section, the implications and limitations of this study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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