균혈증 및 요로감염에서 분리된 장구균의 항균제 내성 및 병독성 인자 규명
Antimicrobial Resistance and Occurrence of Virulence Factors in Enterococci Isolated from Patients with Bacteremia and Urinary Tract Infection
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배경: 장구균은 병원감염을 흔히 일으키는 중요한 세균으로, 최근 20년간 다제 내성 장구균에 의한 감염의 증가로 인하여 심각한 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 균혈증과 요로 감염에서 분리된 장구균을 대상으로 항균제 내성 및 병독성 인자 검출 양상을 분석하는데 있다. 방법:2005년 3월부터 10월 사이에 전국 10개 대학병원 환자의 혈액과 소변에서 분리된 장구균 (209균주; Enterococcus faecalis, 102; E. faecium, 107)을 수집하였다. 항균제 감수성 검사는 디스크 확산법으로 실시하였고, 항균제 내성 유전자와 병독성 인자는 중합효소 연쇄 반응법으로 검출하였다. 결과:항균제 내성율은 E. faecalis의 경우 ciprofloxacin 27.4%, tetracycline 83.3%, 및 quinupristindalfopristin 85.2%였고, ampicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin 및 linezolid에 내성인 균주는 검출되지 않았다. E. faecium의 경우 ampicillin 86.9%, ciprofloxacin 87.9%, tetracycline 8.4%, vancomycin 19.6% 및 teicoplanin 6.5%였고 quinupristin-dalfopristin과 linezolid에 내성인 균주는 검출되지 않았다. esp를 제외한 병독성 인자는 E. faecalis에서 양성율이 높았고, esp의 경우는 E. faecium에서 높은 양성율을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 혈액 및 소변 분리주간 esp 보유율은 소변 분리주에서 유의하게 높았고, 나머지 병독성 인자 양성율의 차이는 없었다. 결론:항균제 내성율 및 병독성 인자 보유 양상은 혈액 분리주와 요로 감염 분리주간 유의한 차이는 보이지 않아, 균혈증 야기는 세균의 성상보다는 숙주의 환경에 영향을 받는 것으로 생각되었다.
Abstract
Background: Enterococci have become increasingly predominant as causative agents of nosocomial infections. Infections due to multi-drug resistant enterococci have drawn increasing attention during the past two decades. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in enterococci isolated from patients with bacteremia or urinary tract infection. Methods: A total of 209 strains of enterococi (102 Enterococcus faecalis and 107 E. facium) isolated during 8 months of 2005 were collected from 10 university hospitals in Korea. Disk diffusion susceptibility tests were performed using Mueller-Hinton agar. The antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors were determined using PCR. Results: In E. faecalis, the rate of resistance to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and quinupristindalfopristin was 27.4%, 83.3%, and 85.2%, respectively; no isolates were resistant to ampicillin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, or linezolid. In E. faecium, the rate of resistance to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, vancomycin, and teicoplanin was 86.9%, 87.9%, 8.4%, 19.6%, and 6.5%, respectively; no strains were resistant to quinupristin-dalfopristin or linezolid. All the E. faecalis strains tested were found to harbor multiple virulence factors, but E. faecium strains were generally without virulence factors except esp. The prevalence of the esp gene was significantly higher in enterococci isolated from urinary tract infection than in those from bacteremia. Conclusion: A similar pattern of resistance to antimicrobial agents and prevalence of virulence factors was observed in both the enterococci isolated from bacteremia and urinary tract infection. Our study indicates that host factors are more likely than bacterial properties to influence the development of bacteremia.
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