게슈탈트 관계성 향상 프로그램(GRIP)이 하나원 거주 북한이탈주민들의 심리적 안정성에 미치는 효과: 자아개념, 사회성, 충동성, 불안과 우울을 중심으로
The effects of Gestalt Relationship Improvement Program(GRIP) on psychological stability of north korean defector: on the self-concept, sociotropy-autonomy, impulsivity, anxiety, and depression
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초록
본 연구는 북한이탈주민들의 정서안정과 초기 적응력 향상을 위한 집단상담 프로그램을 개발하여 프로그램의 효과 및 활용가능성을 검증하는데 목적이 있다. 프로그램 개발을 위해 문헌조사 및 남한거주 북한이탈주민과 하나원 내 북한이탈주민을 상대로 2회에 걸친 심층 면접을 통해 사전조사를 실시하고 전문가 회의를 통해 북한이탈주민들의 심리적 특성을 정서영역, 대인관계영역, 스트레스대처영역, 사고 및 가치관영역으로 나누었다. 이를 바탕으로 GRIP(Gestalt Relationship Improvement Program) 카드를 활용한 12회기의 프로그램을 개발하였다. 본 연구대상은 남한사회적응을 위해 집단상담 프로그램에 참여를 원하는 북한이탈주민으로서 자발적으로 프로그램에 참여하였거나, 주변의 권유로 참여하였다. 치료집단 14명, 통제집단 14명 총 28명으로 프로그램이 시작되었으며 중도 탈락자와 불성실하게 응답한 대상을 제외한 치료집단 7명, 통제집단 11명을 대상으로 효과검증이 이루어졌다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 치료집단이 통제집단보다 자기개념이 유의하게 높았다. 둘째, 치료집단이 통제집단보다 충동성이 유의하게 높았다. 셋째, 치료집단이 통제집단보다 대인관계능력이 유의하게 높았다. 넷째, 전문가 평정검사인 해밀턴-불안점수에서 치료집단이 통제집단에 비해 치료효과가 유의미하게 나타났다. 다섯째, 전문가 평정검사인 해밀턴-우울 검사에서 치료집단이 통제집단에 비해 치료효과가 유의미하게 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과에 기초하여 논의 및 연구의 함의가 제시되었다.
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Gestalt Relationship Improvement Program(GRIP), based on Gestalt therapy, developed in order to improve the initial adaptation ability and emotional stability of the North Korean defectors. By doing prior survey and discussion with experts, psychological characteristics of the North Korean defectors were categorized into the areas of the emotion, relationship, stress coping strategy and thoughts and sense of values. On the basis of these classifications, 12 session program utilizing GRIP(Gestalt Relationship Improvement Program) were developed. The subjects of this study were North Korean defectors who resided in Hanawon government managed facility, in which provide initial adaptation program to the South Korean society for them. A group of 28 participants were alloted in the experimental group while a group of 14 participants in the control group. The effectiveness of the program was investigated except mid-dropouts and the subjects who didn't answer the survey. The total subjects consisted of 7 persons in experimental group and 11 persons in the control group. The results of the study were as follows: First, the experimental group are more likely to show higher self-concept scores and lower impulsivity scores than those of the control group. Secondly, the effects of program were more meaningful to the experimental group on the Hamilton-anxiety scale and Hamilton-depression scale, evaluated by psychiatrists. Discussion and implications of the study were suggested.
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