감사인의 특성과 회계정보의 시계열적 비교가능성
Auditor Characteristics and Accounting Consistency
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초록
회계정보의 시계열적 비교가능성(이하 ‘회계일관성’)은 회계실무와 이론 모두에서 그 중요성이 강조되는 회계정보의 질적 특성이다. 본 연구에서는 ‘특정기업의 상이한 기간에 일어난 동일한 경제적인 사건이 동일한 회계수치로 표출되는 정도’로 회계일관성을 정의한 후 (1) 특정 기업의 회계일관성이 기업 간 비교가능성과 관련이 있는지, (2) 회계일관성이 감사인의 특성과 관련이 있는지를 조사하였다. 국내 상장기업의 2004-2017년 자료를 사용하여 조사한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 재무제표 비교가능성과 회계일관성은 양(+)의 관련성을 가졌다. 이는 다른 기업과 비교가능한 재무제표를 작성하는 기업은 여러 기간에 걸쳐 일관성 있는 회계수치를 보고하는 경향이 있음을 의미한다. 둘째, 회계일관성 측정기간에 걸쳐 동일한 감사인으로부터 감사를 받은 피감사기업은 그렇지 않은 피감사기업보다 회계일관성이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 동일감사인이 계속감사를 하면 이 감사인은 대체로 일관성 있는 기준이나 해석을 적용할 가능성이 높다는 것을 감안하면 이 결과는 예상과 일치한다. 셋째, 계속감사를 한 감사인이 고품질감사인(Big4 또는 산업전문감사인)인지 여부는 회계일관성에 증분적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 발견은 (감사인의 품질이 아닌) 동일감사인으로부터 계속감사를 받았는지 여부가 회계일관성을 결정하는 핵심요소임을 시사한다.
Abstract
This study investigates (1)whether time-series accounting consistency of a firm is related to cross-sectional comparability, and (2)the relationship between accounting consistency and the characteristics of auditors. To do so, we redefine the accounting consistency as "the extent to which identical economic events occurring in different periods for a particular company are represented by similar accounting figures". The findings using the data of Korean publicly-listed companies from 2004 to 2017 are as follows. Firstly, accounting consistency and cross-sectional comparability have a positive relationship. This suggests that companies that consistently report financial figures across multiple periods produce financial statements that are comparable to those of peer companies. Secondly, companies audited by the same auditor tend to exhibit higher levels of accounting consistency compared to those companies audited by different auditors. Lastly, whether the auditor is a high-quality auditor (e.g., Big4 or industry specialist auditor) has no systematic impact on accounting consistency. Overall, our findings suggest that the key determinants of time-series accounting consistency is whether the same auditor have conducted continuous audits, rather than the quality of the auditor.
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