마하트마 간디의 시민 불복종 운동

Abstract

This paper aims to study civil disobedience movement of Mahatma Gandhi, specially refer with salt march to Dandi. Congress assembled at Lahore in the last week of December 1929. At Lahore Gandhi capitalized on the opportunity to tighten his hold on Congress. Gandhi moved a resolution in favour of unabridged independence. 'Swaraj', he declared, 'is now to mean complete independence.' The Congress convention advised its members to resign from the legislatures and disassociate themselves from the proposed Round Table Conference. On 2 March 1930, Gandhi wrote a long letter to Lord Irwin, reviewing the grievances covered by his Eleven Points. It was the most unusual type of communication the head of a government ever received. Finally Gandhi made a decision to defy the Salt Act as a method of challenging British authority in India. On the morning of 12 March 1930, Gandhi set out from his ashram, accompanied by followers, to march to the sea at Dandi. Whenever he stopped at villages, he would exhort the people to wear kha야, 새 treat the Untouchables with brotherly affection, to improve their sanitation, to abjure alcohol and drugs, to break the salt monopoly, and to join the ranks of the Satyagrahis. Civil resisters never resisted arrest; but they resisted the confiscation of bags containing the salt they had made, and were beaten and kicked. Civil disobedience nevertheless continued, with a no-tax campaign an important feature of the programme. It was against the background of these developments that the first Round Table Conference was convened in London on 12 November 1930, to deliberate on the future of India.