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Abstract

Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh was one of the most prominent Hindi writers of 20th century. His work includes Poetry, Essays, Literary and political criticism, and the Fiction. He has an important place in modern Hindi poetry and considered one of its pioneers. He has the distinction to figure in all three Saptakas called ‘Tar Saptak’, ‘Doosra Saptak’ and ‘Teesra Saptak’, the series of anthologies of ‘new poetry’ edited by famous Hindi writer Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayana ‘Agyeya’. The publication of Agyey’s ‘Tar Saptak’ is represented as a change in the tendencies of Hindi Literature from prevalent movement ‘Chhayavaad’ and ‘Pragativaad’, the progressivism to ‘Prayogvaad’, the experimentalism which led to the movement of ‘new story’ in Hindi called ‘Nai Kahani Andolan’. The poetry of Muktibodh named ‘Brahmarakshas’ is considered his most influential work in the field of experimental poems. The work of Muktibodh was influenced by Socialism, Marxism and Existentialism. In his writing Muktibodh expressed pain and the agony of the common people particularly the problems of lower middle class and describes their sufferings in detail. In his story named ‘Pakshi aur Deemak’ (Birds and Termites) he narrates that the individual today, being in his own sense of perfectionism, endless calculations, and his subjective interpretation of the external reality soon loses touch with the reality itself, and eventually he dies and fades away like the dead bird who because of its greediness of eating more and more ants gives away his wings one by one and in the last loses everything. The condition of a person in the society has become the same. He feels alone even in his ownself. Muktibodh carried an innate expression of his deep discontent and in his writings shows dissatisfaction towards the society. And that is why even after disintegration of the Progressive Writers Movement later he continues to reflect his progressive views in the literature. Hindi Critics while analyzing the work of Muktibodh had given him the credit for more his poetry writings. They have relatively given less significance to his Stories. Muktibodh in his stories has expressed the tendency of ‘alienation. Many of his charactors in the stories live in their own artificial world which is far away from the reality. In the capitalist society the production relations have changed manifold. The working class and the artist too can not digest this change as this is further alienating them from their individual soul. During past few years, considerable attention has been paid on the delineation of the concept of alienation. The relation of alienation to the modern social structure and function has also being measured. In this article the writer, while analyzing the concept of alienation and its relation with literature, the stories of Muktibodh from the point of view of reflecting alienation have being reviewed. Since the stories of Muktibodh have never been discussed from the presented point of view therefore evaluating the relationships between the alienated individual and his social order the proper examples of the stories of Muktibodh have been presented.