인도의 힌두근본주의 발흥과 방송미디어의 역할: 1990년대 정치적 상황을 중심으로

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to illuminate relationship between origins of Hindu fundamentalism and political symbolization through mass media. In the early 1990s, through so called Media Revolution executed along with open economy policy by Prime Minister Lao's government, households with TV began to multiply. Mass showing of music video ‘Vande Mataram’ awakened Hindu fundamentalism that was deep within each households, and led to BJP’s success. Also, showing of ‘Ramayana’, one of the two greatest Indian epic brought about further support for Hindu fundamentalism.  Even though these works derived patriotism from all Indians when fighting for independence from the British Rule, they were not accepted as a religious symbol. However, in the latter days, they were devalued as an impetus for Hindu fundamentalism, thus regarded as a means to promote and emphasize Hindu beliefs. Therefore, Hindus were more strongly united thorough these works, The BJP got 182 seats in 1998 general election and became ruling party from only 2 seats in 1984 because of the Hindutva ideology. However, relevant authorities at the time strongly insisted that showing such works had no political motives. They insisted that they wanted to emphasize the sense of patriotism, which is passed down from the past. However, regardless of their intent, it led to a very much religious motif, which was to emphasize Hindu fundamentalism. This can be said to have been possible through media revolution, which brought greater political influence to mass media. Therefore, as long as the effects of media expands rapidly, chances of such political symbolization remains high.