청변의 베다 비판과 미맘사학파에 대항한 불교-상캬 연합
Bhāviveka’s Critique of the Veda and the Buddhist-Sāṃkhya Alliance against the Mīmāṃsakas
0
조회
0
다운로드
1
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
본고는 인도의 불교도들이 그들의 오랜 논적 중 하나인 상캬학파와 베다제식에 대한 비판적 태도를 공유하고 있었음을 검토하고자 한다. 이를 위해 청변(Bhāiveka, 500-570 CE)의 <중관심론> 제9 미맘사장에 보이는 베다의 악인저작설과 그에 대한 따르까즈왈라의 주석을 분석하여 그것이 이전의 불교전통에서는 보이지 않는 상캬학파의 베다제식 비판 방식을 차용하고 있음을 밝혔으며 청변 이전에도 제바의 <백론> 그리고 바수의 그에 대한 주석에도 상캬학파와의 제휴가 이루어지고 있음을 보였다. 마지막으로 꾸마릴라의 불교와 상캬학파에 대한 인식을 인용하여 베다제식을 옹호하는 이들에게도 불교도와 상캬학파가 베다제식을 비판한다는 이유에서 동일하게 취급받고 있다는 점도 지적하였다.
Abstract
This paper discusses the possibility that the Buddhists formed an alliance with the Sāṃkhyas when they criticized the practice of Vedic sacrifice. Inspired by the article on Bhāviveka in Xuanzang’s travelogue which reports that Bhāviveka wore the Sāṃkhya garment in the presence of non-Buddhist outsiders, the first part of the paper analyzes Bhāviveka’s critique of the Veda, particularly the contents of the Madhyamakahṛdayakārikā 9.31, as well as the Tarkajvālā commentary on that verse. In his critique, Bhāviveka lists quotations from the Veda in order to prove its evil authorship. It is evident that many of his quotations correspond with quotations that the Sāṃkhya commentators provided in the second verse of the Sāṃkhyakārikā, which makes an argument for the impurity of Vedic sacrifice. To support the possibility that Bhāviveka made an alliance with the Sāṃkhyas, the second part examines the similar precedent case, in which Āryadeva and Vasu ally with the Sāṃkhyas in their critique of Aśvamedha. In addition, Kumārila’s equation of the Sāṃkhyas and Buddhists with each other for rejecting the sacrificial orthopraxy is noted to show that this alliance made across the āstika-nāstika divide had also been observed by their opponents, Vedic Brahmins.
참고문헌 (19)
- 정승석, "요가수트라 주석" (2010), 소명출판
- Caland, W., "Das Jaiminīya-Brāhmaṇa in Auswahl, Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeeling Letterkunde" (1919), Johannes Müller
- Chakravarti, Pulinbihari, "Origin and Development of the Sāṃkhya System of Thought" (1975), Oriental Books Reprint Corporation
- Clooney, Francis X., "Ritually: Rediscovering the Pūrva Mīmāṃsāof Jaimini" (1990), Sammlung De Nobili Institut für Indologie der Universität Wien
- Dravida, L.S., "Sāṃkhyatattvakaumudī" (1917), Vidya Vilas Press
- Dumont, Paul-Emile, "The Human Sacrifice in the Taittirīya-Brāhmaṇa:The Fourth Prapāṭhaka of the Third Kāṇḍa of the Taittirīya-Brāhmaṇa with Translation", Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 107(2), pp.177~182 (1963)
- Halbfass, Wilhelm, "Tradition and Reflection: Explorations in Indian Thought" (1991), State University of New York Press
- Sanskrit text of the Tantravārttika Adhyāya 1, Pāda 3, Adhikaraṇa 1~3, Collated with five Manuscripts, "Harikai, Kunio", Medical Anthropology and Humanity, 1~47, pp.Annual Report of Medical Anthropology and Humanity, No. 3 (2008)
- Jaini, Padmanabh S., "Abhidharmadīpa with Vibhāṣāprabhāvṛtti" (1977), Kashi Prasad Jayaswal Research Institute
- Jaini, Padmanabh S., "Collected Papers on Buddhist Studies" (2001), Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
- Kataoka, Kei, "Kumārila on Truth, Omniscience, and Killing" (2011), Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Kolhatkar, Madhavi Bhaskar, "Surā, the Liquor and the Vedic Sacrifice" (1999), D.K. Printworld
- Larson, Gerald James, "Sāṃkhya:A Dualist Tradition in Indian Philosophy, Encyclopedia of Indian philosophies" (1987), Motilal Banarsidass
- Negi, J. S., "Bod skad dang Legs sbyar gyi tshig mdzod chen mo (Tibetan-Sanskrit Dictionary)" (2005), Dictionary Unit, Central Institute of Higher Tibetan Studies
- Olivelle, Patrick, "Manu's Code of Law: a Critical Edition and Translation of the Mānava-Dharmaśāstra" (2005), Oxford University Press
- Sastri, Polakam Sri Rama, "Pātañjalayogasūtrabhāṣyavivaraṇam" (1952), Government Oriental Manuscripts Library
- Śāstrī, S.K. Rāmanātha, "Ślokavārttikavyākhyā Tātparyaṭīkā of Uṃveka Bhaṭṭa" (1971), University of Madras
- Silk, Jonathan A., "Putative Persian Perversities: Indian Buddhist Condemnations of Zoroastrian Close-Kin Marriage in Context", Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 71(3), pp.433~464 (2008), University of London
- Van Der Kuijp, "The Earliest Indian Reference to Muslims in a Buddhist Philosophical Text of Circa 700", Journal of Indian Philosophy, 34(3), pp.169~202 (2006)