불교 우주론과 수증론 체계에서 본 의생신(意生身, S. manomaya-kāya)의 의미
The Meaning of ‘Mind-made Body’(S. manomaya-kāya, C. yisheng shen 意生身) in Buddhist Cosmological and Soteriological systems
0
조회
0
다운로드
2
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
‘의생신’(意生身, S. manomaya-kāya)은 불교 수행자가 명상 수행 중에 얻은 미세한 몸을 가리킨다. 기존의 연구에서는 이 개념이 불교 우주론에 있어서 중요한 이론적 함의를 가진다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 팔리 문헌에는 의생신이 단지 명상 수행의 영적 부산물일 뿐 아니라 삼계 내의 특수한 존재 양상을 가리킨다는 것이 나타나 있다. 하지만 지금까지의 의생신에 대한 연구는 대개 초기의 팔리 자료에 집중되어 왔고 따라서 이 개념의 이후 전통에서의 이론적 발전 또는 수증론적 중요성은 다루어지지 않았다. 이 논문은 이러한 부분을 보충하기 위한 초기 작업으로서 ꠓ승만경ꠗ, 그리고 의생신 논의에 있어서 ꠓ승만경ꠗ에 이론적으로 바탕을 두고 있는 두 논서인 ꠓ보성론ꠗ과 ꠓ불성론ꠗ에 나타난 의생신의 의미를 고찰하고 이를 바탕으로 대승 전통의 보다 광범위한 우주론적, 수증론적 체계에 있어서 이 개념이 어떻게 수용되고 있는지를 논의하려 한다. 이를위해 먼저 초기 불교 문헌에서의 의생신의 의미를 살펴보고 그 다음으로 의생신 개념의 우주론적, 수증론적 의미를 앞서 언급한 세 가지 대승 문헌들 간의 이론적 연결성을 분석함으로써 고찰한다.
Abstract
The ‘mind-made body’ (S. manomaya-kāya, C. yisheng shen 意生身) is seen as a subtle body attained by a Buddhist adept during meditative practice. Previous research has elucidated this concept as having important doctrinal significance in the Buddhist cosmological system. The Pāli canonical evidence shows that the manomaya-kāya is not merely a spiritual byproduct of meditative training, but also a specific existential mode of being in the system of the three realms. Studies of the manomaya-kāya to date, however, have focused mostly on early Pāli materials, and thus do not encompass theoretical development and soteriological significance of this notion in later tradition. As a beginning step to fill this gap, this article explores the meanings of the manomaya-kāya represented in the Śrīmālādevī Sūtra and the two treatises of the Ratnagotravibhāga Śāstra and the Foxing lun, which are doctrinally based on the Śrīmālādevī Sūtra in their discussion of the manomaya-kāya. Through the observation of the manomaya-kāya in these Mahāyāna texts, this article seeks to demonstrate how the concept is used in the broader cosmological and soteriological system of Mahāyāna tradition. For this purpose, I first review the meanings of the manomayakāya in early Buddhist texts and then observe the cosmological and soteriological meaning of the notion by analyzing the theoretical connection between the three Mahāyāna texts.
참고문헌 (40)
- Blezer, Henk., "Kar glin Źi khro : A Tantric Buddhist concept" (1997), Research School CNWS, School of Asian, African, and Amerindian Studies
- Bodhi, Bhikkhu., "The Connected Discourses of the Buddha: A New Translation of the Saṃyutta Nikāya" (2000), Wisdom
- Bodhi, Bhikkhu., "The Numerical Discourses of the Buddha: A Translation of the Aṅguttara Nikāya" (2012), Wisdom
- Buswell, Robert E., "zhai. In The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism" (2013), Princeton University Press
- 최봉수, "Pali Nikaya 의 의성신설(意成身說)과 삼계 · 삼신섭 (三神燮) 에 대하여", 한국불교학, 13, pp.213~238 (1988)
- 전관응, "불교학대사전" (1988), 홍법원
- Cuevas, Bryan J., "The Hidden History of The Tibetan Book of The Dead" (2003), Oxford University Press
- 福原亮厳, "転生の理論: 有部思想を中心として", 印度学仏教学研究, 8(2), pp.51~58 (1960)
- Gethin, Rupert, "Cosmology and Meditation : From the Aggañña-Sutta to the Mahāyāna", History of Religions, 36(3), pp.183~217 (1997)
- Gethin, Rupert., "The Foundations of Buddhism" (1998), Oxford University Press
- Gombrich, Richard., "Ancient Cosmologies", pp.110~142 (1975), George Allen& Unwin
- Hamilton, Sue., "Identity and experience : the constitution of the human being according to early Buddhism" (1996), Luzac Oriental
- Hare, Edward M., "The Book of the Gradual Sayings. 5 vols. Vol. 3" (2001), Pali Text Society
- Harvey, Peter, "The Mind-body Relationship in Pāli Buddhism : A Philosophical Investigation", Asian Philosophy, 3(1), pp.29~41 (1993)
- Harvey, Peter., "The Selfless Mind: Personality, Consciousness and Nirvana in Eary Buddhism" (1995), Curzon Press
- 황순일, "Metaphor and Literalism in Buddhism: The Doctrinal History of Nirvana" (2006), Routledge
- Johansson, Rune E. A., "The Dynamic Psychology of Early Buddhism. Scandinavian Institute of Asian Studies" (1979), Curzon Press
- Johnston, E. H., "The Ratnagotravibhāga Mahāyānottaratantraśāstra" (1950), Bihar Research Society
- Kawamura, Leslie S., "In Encyclopedia of Buddhism" (2004), Macmillan
- King, Sallie B., "Buddha Nature" (1991), State University of New York Press
- 久保田力, "‘生という汚れ’ : 意生身と不可思議変易生死", 印度学仏教学研究, 47(1), pp.122~127 (1998)
- 久保田力, "来蔵思想の無漏縁起説 (上) : 宝性論の四障・三雜染説をめぐって", 東北芸術工科大学紀要, (6), pp.4~26 (1999)
- Langer, Rita., "Buddhist Rituals of Death and Rebirth Contemporary" (2009), Routledge
- Ñanamoli Bhikkhu, "The Middle Length Discourses of the Buddha : a New Translation of the Majjhima Nikāya" (1995), Wisdom Publications in association with the Barre Center for Buddhist Studies
- Nanjio, Bunyiu, "The Laṅkāvatāra sūtra" (1923), Otani University Press
- 小川一乗, "新国訳大蔵経" (2001), 大蔵出版
- Pruden, Leo M., "Abhidharmakośabhāṣyam. 4 vols" (1988), Asian Humanities Press
- Radich, Michael David., "The Somatics of Liberation: Ideas about embodiment in Buddhism from its origins to the fifth century C.E", 박사, pp.2007
- Reynolds, Frank E, "The Several Bodies of Buddha : Reflections on a Neglected Aspect of Theravada Tradition", History of Religions, 16(4), pp.374~389 (1977)
- Rhys Davids., T. W., "Dialogues of the Buddha (Dīgha-nikāya). Vol. 1" (1899), Luzac
- Somaratne, G. A, "Intermediate existence and the higher fetters in the Pāli Nikāyas", Journal of the Pali Text Society, 25, pp.121~154 (1999)
- Swearer, Donald K, "Control and Freedom : The Structure of Buddhist Meditation in the Pāli Suttas", Philosophy East and West, 23(4), pp.435~455 (1973)
- 高崎直道, "A Study on the Ratnagotravibhāga: being a traetise on the Tathāgatagarbha theory of Mahāyāna Buddhism" (1966), Roma Istituto Italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente
- 高崎直道, "如来蔵思想の形成 : インド大乗仏敎思想硏究" (1974), 春秋社
- 高崎直道, "新国訳大蔵経" (2005), 大蔵出版
- 常盤義伸, "The manomayakaya of the Lankavatara-sutra", Journal of Indian and Buddhist studies, 44(1), pp.475~471 (1995)
- 月輪賢隆, "究竟一 乗宝性論に就て", 日本仏教学協会年報, 7, pp.121~139 (1935)
- Wayman, Alex, "The lion’s roar of Queen Srimala; a Buddhist scripture on the Tathagatagarbha theory" (1973), Columbia University Press