연기설에 대한 중관학파의 해석과 철학적 관점: 사회적 실재의 발현과 제약

Abstract

The main purpose of this study is to proclaim the theory of dependent arising as a “mutual causality” accepted by the Mādhyamikas, with the process of social system emergence and constraint, and account for the “social reality” proposed by J. Searle as the concept of “designation by provisional naming”. According to Searle, the source of ‘status functions’ and ‘deontic powers’is revealed by social reality through the language used by its participants. However, assuming that social reality presupposes language, as he argues, he falls into the error of creating a circular argument due to the fact that language, as a means of communication, is also a social reality. Therefore, in order to overcome this circular argument it is necessary to explore a process of securing a status function, within a social system and social reality, based on the concept of ‘designation by provisional naming’, which is a metaphorical projection. Next, it is evident that deontic power, revealed through institutional fact, stems from cognitive competence, which is the longitudinal condition of the users of language. In fact, the Mādhyamikas are accused of being nihilistic with regard to axiology, by applying the emptiness of non-substantiality to all phenomena. This accusation of valueistic nihilism levelled against the Mādhyamikas is, however, based on the misapprehension that non-substantiality means relationships emerge from emptiness, and are therefore random. This randomness implies variability in which unpredictable variables can influence the phenomenon of existence. In actual fact, manifestation of phenomenon due to the interdependent relationship of non-substantial beings is the ultimate truth, and there is no chaos in the real world or in the area of value judgment. Therefore, this study reveals that if non-substantiality provides a space for the expansion of relationships, the concept of interdependence actually restricts relationship creation. It is therefore argued that non-substantiality and interdependence act as axes to stabilize social realities, revealing that the perspectives of the Mādhyamikas can solve philosophical issues.