중국 노동력 수급 불균형의 본질과 원인분석 - ‘민공황’현상을 중심으로
The nature and causes of labor supply-demand imbalance in China - A case study of ‘Mingonghuang’ phenomenon
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This paper is to analyze the nature and causes of labor supply-demand imbalance in China from ‘Mingonghuang(labor shortage)’ phenomenon. ‘Mingonghuang’ is not supply shortage phenomenon of China’s whole labor market, it just has localized features; it’s not persistent one, it just has seasonal features; it’s not common phenomenon to all migrant workers, it’s just common to the so-called ‘new generation migrant workers’. If we look at the reasons of ‘Mingonghuang’, it is based on the gap between urban and rural, between regions, one reason is that it’s very difficult for migrant workers to settle down in the city, and recently Chinese government is strongly supporting ‘agriculture, rural, farmer’ to increase farm income, and to improve the quality of rural life, so it increased preference of rural people and migrant workers for agriculture to some extent. Another reason is that a large amount of investment offers many employment opportunities for migrant workers in the central and western areas, at the same time, comparing with eastern regions, the wage of migrant workers is rapidly increasing in other regions, it reduced the wage gap between regions. For these reasons, comparing with the past, the eastern coastal areas have no more comparative advantages to absorb rural surplus labor force from central and western areas. It’s the background which ‘Mingonghuang’ phenomenon appeared.
Abstract
This paper is to analyze the nature and causes of labor supply-demand imbalance in China from ‘Mingonghuang(labor shortage)’ phenomenon. ‘Mingonghuang’ is not supply shortage phenomenon of China’s whole labor market, it just has localized features; it’s not persistent one, it just has seasonal features; it’s not common phenomenon to all migrant workers, it’s just common to the so-called ‘new generation migrant workers’. If we look at the reasons of ‘Mingonghuang’, it is based on the gap between urban and rural, between regions, one reason is that it’s very difficult for migrant workers to settle down in the city, and recently Chinese government is strongly supporting ‘agriculture, rural, farmer’ to increase farm income, and to improve the quality of rural life, so it increased preference of rural people and migrant workers for agriculture to some extent. Another reason is that a large amount of investment offers many employment opportunities for migrant workers in the central and western areas, at the same time, comparing with eastern regions, the wage of migrant workers is rapidly increasing in other regions, it reduced the wage gap between regions. For these reasons, comparing with the past, the eastern coastal areas have no more comparative advantages to absorb rural surplus labor force from central and western areas. It’s the background which ‘Mingonghuang’ phenomenon appeared.
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