본문 바로가기
KERD
논문KCI 등재

중국의 기업가 정신과 창업의도에 관한 연구: 5대 신상방(新商幫) 지역, 창업교육, 창업경험을 중심으로

A Study on Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention in China: Focused on Five New Commercial Group(新商幫) Regions, Entrepreneurial Education and Experience

박상수|왕서혜
중국연구소 (INSTITUTE OF CHINESE STUDIES, Hankuk University of Foreign St)|2020.03|중국연구 (Journal of Sinology and China Studies)|제82권 |pp. 177-216|DOI 10.18077/chss.2020.82..009

0

조회

0

다운로드

3

인용

0

참고문헌

키워드

중국China기업가정신EntrepreneurshipEntrepreneurial Intention창업교육창업의도기업가적 개인특성기업가적 실천역량창업에 대한 태도와 인식신상방(新商幫) 지역창업경험Entrepreneurial PersonalityEntrepreneurial Practical CompetenceEntrepreneurial Attitude and PerceptionNew Commercial Group RegionEntrepreneurial EducationEntrepreneurial Experience
주제분류중국어와문학

초록

본 연구에서는 중국의 창업 붐과 관련하여 창업을 결정하는 요인으로서 ‘기업가 정신(기업가적 개인특성/실천역량)’과 ‘창업에 대한 태도와 인식’ 그리고 ‘창업의도’에 대해 살펴보았다. 특히 중국내 스타트업(Startup) 생태환경의 지역별 차이를 고려하여 중국의 5대 신상방(新商幇) 지역(산동상방, 쑤난상방, 저장상방, 민난상방, 주싼쟈오상방)과 창업교육/창업경험 유무에 따른 변수 간 차이를 살펴보았다. 아울러 창업경험 유무에 따른 다중집단분석을 통해 집단 간 경로분석 결과의 차이를 살펴보았다. 이상의 목적에 따라 분석결과를 토대로 그에 따른 시사점을 도출하면 다음과 같다. 중국 신상방 5개 지역의 지역별 기업가정신 및 창업의도를 살펴본 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 결과를 보여주었다. 창업경험이 있는 경우, 5개 상방지역은 기업가정신 및 창업의도에서 다른 지역보다 높은 수치가 나타나 중국의 전통 상방 문화에 기초한 기업가정신이 드러났다. 창업교육의 경우, 모든 변수에서 창업교육 ‘있음’이 ‘없음’의 수치보다 높게 나타났다. 현재 중국의 창업교육이 기업가정신 및 창업의도를 높이는 데 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 가설검증 결과를 보면 기업가적 개인특성/실천역량의 구성요인 중 혁신성, 성취욕구, 기회인식 역량, 대인관계 역량이 창업에 대한 태도/인식에 모두 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 개인적 태도와 사회적 인식이 모두 창업의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 위험감수성만이 창업의도에 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 실제 창업의도와 관련하여 위험감수성만이 중요한 결정 요인임을 확인할 수 있었다. 다중집단비교의 경우, 창업경험 유무에 따른 경로 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 마지막으로 창업경험 ‘있음’이 ‘없음’보다 기업가적 개인특성/실천역량, 창업에 대한 태도/인식, 창업의도 간의 영향관계가 적게 나타났다.

Abstract

In this study, we analyzed the factors of entrepreneurial personality, entrepreneurial practical competence, entrepreneurial attitude and perception, entrepreneurial intention. In particular, considering the regional differences in the startup ecological environment in China, we examined the differences between the variables according to five new commercial group regions (Shandong, South Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Southern Fujian, Pearl River Delta) and the existence of startup education/experience. In addition, the differences in the results of path analysis were examined through multi-group analysis according to the existence of startup experience. Based on the purpose of this study, our findings can be summarized as follows: First, there are statistically significant differences in research variables between each of China’s five commercial group regions. In the presence of entrepreneurial experience, the five commercial group regions show higher figures than other regions on entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. In the meanwhile, it also shows the significant influence of Chinese traditional culture on entrepreneurship. Secondly, on entrepreneurial education, the amount of answering ‘Yes’ in all variables is higher than that of answering ‘No’. In other word, China's current entrepreneurial education has been indicated to be effective in enhancing entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. Third, hypothesis verification results indicate that among the components of Entrepreneurial Personality, entrepreneurial practical competence, innovativeness, need for achievement, and opportunity recognition competence interpersonal competence have a positive influence on entrepreneurial attitude and perception. At the same time, both individual attitudes and social perceptions have a positive influence on entrepreneurial intention. In addition, only risk-taking also has been shown to have a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention. With respect to actual entrepreneurial intention, it is possible to confirm that risk-taking is the only important determinant. Fourth, in the case of multi-group comparisons, it is confirmed that there are differences in entrepreneurial paths due to the existence of the entrepreneurial experience. Finally, In the relationship between Entrepreneurial Personality, entrepreneurial practical competence, entrepreneurial attitude and perception and entrepreneurial intention are the answer “Yes” is less than answer to “No” in the entrepreneurial experience.

참고문헌 (61)

  1. 2018년 기업가정신 실태조사 심층연구, "과학기술정책연구원", 중소벤처기업부, ~ (2018)
  2. 김용태, "기업가정신 측정지표 개발에 관한 연구", 대한경영학회 학술대표대회 발표논문집, pp.89~95 (2015)
  3. 기업가정신 역량평가지표 개발, "김진수", 창업진흥원, 중소업청, ~ (2009)
  4. 반성식, "창업태도와 인식이 창업활동에 미치는 영향 : GEM data를 이용한 창업의도의 매개효과", 생산성연구: 국제융합학술지, 28(4), pp.405~431 (2014), 한국생산성학회[DOI]
  5. 윤기선, "소상인사업자 경영교육에 따른 기업가역량이 경영성과에 미치는 영향", 물류학회지, 27(3), pp.67~77 (2017), 한국물류학회[DOI]
  6. 윤종록, "창업가의 역량특성이 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구 - 차별화전략의 매개효과 검증 -", 생산성연구: 국제융합학술지, 23(4), pp.401~427 (2009), 한국생산성학회[DOI]
  7. 우종필, "구조방정식모델 개념과 이해", pp.361~ (2012), 한나래 출판사
  8. 장성희, "여성창업가 특성, 조직문화가 기업가정신 및 경영성과에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구", 생산성연구: 국제융합학술지, 28(1), pp.187~215 (2014), 한국생산성학회[DOI]
  9. 최민정, "소상공인 창업교육이 기회인식 및 평가에 미치는 영향: 창업효능감과 조절초점의 매개효과를 중심으로", 박사, pp.2016
  10. 北京国际城市发展研究院数据中心, "浙商、粤商等五大新商帮比较", 领导决策信息, 29(7), pp.28~29 (2005)
  11. 先锋, "中国十大商帮经商秘诀", 上海商业, 9, pp.64~66 (2013)
  12. Alvarez, S. A., "The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory", Journal of Management, 27(6), pp.755~775 (2001)
  13. Ardichvili, A., "A theory of entrepreneurial opportunity identification and development", Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), pp.105~123 (2003)
  14. Aldrich, H. E., "How do entrepreneurs know what to do? learning and organizing in new ventures", Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 24(1), pp.59~82 (2014)
  15. Baumgarner, D., "What Kind of Entrepreneurship Drives Regional Development in European Non-core Regions? A Literature Review on Empirical Entrepreneurship Research", European Planning Studies, 21(8), pp.1095~1127 (2013)
  16. Baron, R., "The role of affect in the entrepreneurial process", Academy of Management Review, 33, pp.328~340 (2008)
  17. Baron, R. A., "Beyond social capital: The role of entrepreneurs’ social competence in their financial success", Journal of Business Venturing, 18, pp.41~60 (2003)
  18. Begley, T. M., "A comparison of entrepreneurs and managers of small business firms", Journal of management, 13(1), pp.99~108 (1987)
  19. Bird, B., "Implementing entrepreneurial ideas: The case for intention", Academy of management Review, 13(3), pp.442~453 (1988)
  20. Bolton, D. L., "Individual entrepreneurial orientation: Development of a measurement instrument", Education Training, 54(2, pp.3) (2012), 219~233
  21. Brophy, M., "Competencies: A new sector", Journal of European Industrial Training, 26(2-4), pp.165~176 (2002)
  22. Busenitz, L. W., "Entrepreneurship research in emergence: Past trends and future directions", Journal of Management, 29, pp.285~308 (2003)
  23. Calantone, R. J., "Learning orientation, firm innovation capability, and firm performance", Industrial marketing management, 31(6), pp.515~524 (2002)
  24. Covin, J. G., "A conceptual model of entrepreneurship as firm behavior", Entrepreneurship: Critical perspectives on business and manahement, 3, pp.5~28 (1991)
  25. Chrisman, J. J., "The determinants of new venture performance: An extended model", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(1), pp.5~29 (1998)
  26. Davidsson, P., "Determinants of Entrepreneurial Intentions", Paper prepared for the RENT Ⅸ Workshop, 23-24, pp.1~13 (1995)
  27. DeTienne, D. R., "Opportunity identification and its- role in the entrepreneurial classroom: A pedagogical approach and empirical test", Academy of Management Learning & Education, 3(3), pp.242~257 (2004)
  28. DeCarlo, J. F., "A Comparison of Selected Personal Characteristics of Minority and Non-Minority Female Entrepreneurs", Academy of Management Proceedings, 1, pp.369~373 (1979)
  29. Delmar, F., "Does experience matter? The effect of founding team experience on the survival and sales of newly founded ventures", Strategic Organization, 4(3), pp.215~247 (2006)
  30. Ericsson, K. A., "Prospects and limits of the empirical study of expertise: An introduction", Toward a general theory of expertise: Prospects and limits, 344, pp.1~38 (1991)
  31. Frese, M., "The concept of personal initiative: Operationalization, reliability and validity in two German samples", Journal of occupational and organizational psychology, 70(2), pp.139~161 (1997)
  32. Guerrero, M., "The impact of desirability and feasibility on entrepreneurial intentions: A structural equation model", International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, (4), pp.35~50 (2008)
  33. Haney, W. V., "Text and Cases" (1992), Richard, D., Irwin, Inc
  34. Hugher, M., "Deconstructing the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and business performance at the embryonic stage of firm growth", Industrial marketing managemen, 36(5), pp.651~661 (2007)
  35. Hmieleski, K. M., "Proclivity for Improvisation as a Predictor of Entrepreneurial Intentions", Journal of Small Business Management, 44(1), pp.45~63 (2006)
  36. Kreiser, P. M., "The influence of changes in social capital on firm founding activities", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(3), pp.539~568 (2006)
  37. Kirschenhofer, F., "Performance drivers of serial entrepreneurs: Entrepreneurial and team experience", International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 18(3), pp.305~329 (2012)
  38. Krueger, N. F., "The Impact of Prior Entrepreneurial Exposure on Perception of New Venture Feasibility and Desirability", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(1), pp.5~22 (1993)
  39. Klein, A. L., "Validity and reliability for competency-based systems: Reducing litigation risks", Compensation & Benefits Review, 28(4), pp.31~37 (1996)
  40. Lans, T., "A research agenda for entrepreneurship education" (2018), Edward Elgar Publishing
  41. Lumpkin, G. T., "Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation construct and linking it to performance", Academy of Management Review, 21(1), pp.135~172 (1996)
  42. Murray, H. A., "Exploration in personality: A clinical and experimental stufy of fifty men of college age" (1938), Oxford University Press
  43. Morris, M. H., "A competency-based perspective on entrepreneurship education: Conceptual and empirical insights", Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), pp.352~369 (1996)
  44. Miller, D., "The Correlates of Entrepreneurship in Three Types of Firms", Managment Science, 29, pp.770~791 (1983)
  45. McClelland, D. C., "Business drive and national achievement", Harvard Business Review, 40(4), pp.99~112 (1962)
  46. McGee, J. E., "Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy: Refining the Measure", Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 33(4), pp.965~988 (2009)
  47. Müller, S., "A progress review of entrepreneurship and regional development: What are the remaining gaps?", European Planning Studies, 24(6), pp.1133~1158 (2016)
  48. Rantanen, T., "Students' Attitudes Towards Entrepreneurship in Uusimaa region in Finland", Interdisciplinary Studies Journal, 2(4), pp.48~65 (2013)
  49. Renski, H., "New Firm Entry, Survival, and Growth in the United States: A omparison of Urban, Suburban, and Rural Areas", Journal of the American Planning Association, 75(1), pp.60~77 (2008)
  50. Sandberg, W. R., "Improving new venture performance: The role of strategy, industry structure, and the entrepreneur", Journal of Business Venturing, 2(1), pp.5~28 (1987)
  51. Sexton, D. L., "The entrepreneur: A capable executive and more", Journal of business venturing, 1(1), pp.129~140 (1985)
  52. Sexton, D. L., "Frontiers of entrepreneurship research", pp.40~51 (1986)
  53. Sitkin, S. B., "Determinants of risky decision-making behavior: A test of the mediating role of risk perceptions and propensity", Academy of management Journal, 38(6), pp.1573~1592 (1985)
  54. Shane, S., "The promise of entrepreneurship as a field of research", Academy of management review, 25(1), pp.217~226 (1985)
  55. Steers, R. M., "A behaviorally-based measure of manifest needs in work settings", Journal of Vocational Behavior, 9(2), pp.251~266 (1975)
  56. Starr, J. A., "International Perspectives on Entrepreneurship Research", pp.340~363 (1992)
  57. Stuart, R. W., "Impact of entrepreneurial and management experience on early performance", Journal of Business Venturing, 5(3), pp.151~162 (1990)
  58. Timmons, J. A., "New venture creation: Entrepreneurship for the 21st century", Journal of Business Venturing, 4 (1994), Irwin
  59. Walter, A., "The impact of network capabilities and entrepreneurial orientation on university spin-off performance", Journal of business venturing, 21(4), pp.541~567 (2006)
  60. Wagner, J., "Start-up activities, individual characteristics, and the regional milieu: Lessons for entrepreneurship support policies from German micro gata", The Annals of Regional Science, 38(2), pp.219~240 (2004)
  61. Westhead, P., "Differences between private firms owned by novice, serial and portfolio entrepreneurs: Implications for policy makers and practitioners", Regional Studies, 37(2), pp.187~200 (2003)

관련 논문AI추천

중국의 기업가 정신과 창업의식에 대한 연구 -기업가적 특성/역량, 태도/인식, 성과를 중심으로-박상수, 왕서혜중국학연구회 · 중국학연구2019 · 제89호중국 대학생의 창업교육과 창업의지의 관계 연구: 창업가 정신의 매개효과장미, 조준희한국전문경영인학회 · 전문경영인연구2023 · 제26권 제1호중국 대학생의 창업가 정신이 창업의지에 미치는 영향: 창업가 역량의 매개효과오용, 조준희한국전문경영인학회 · 전문경영인연구2023 · 제26권 제4호중국 대학생들의 창업 의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구: 창업 태도와 인지된 행동 통제의 매개효과를 중심으로석수, 김형준, 민태기, 오근엽한국벤처창업학회 · 벤처창업연구2020 · 제15권 제3호중국 대학생의 창업가 특성에 관한 연구: 창업 참여도의 매개효과엄의, 조준희한국전문경영인학회 · 전문경영인연구2015 · 제18권 제1호중국 대학생의 위험감수성과 성격5요인의 창업의도에 미치는 영향 창업교육의 조절효과김문홍, 문개풍경영경제연구소 · 아태비즈니스연구2023 · 제14권 제1호

이 간행물의 다른 논문 (10건)

『石林詩話』의 詩學과 그 의의김규선pp. 3-18把字句에 대한 구문문법적 해석남양우pp. 19-38許穆手稿本 『金石韻府』에 대한 고찰서한용pp. 39-58<전랑(戰狼)2> 연구: 주선율영화(主旋律電影)에서 블록버스터급 신주류영화(新主流電影大作)로안영은pp. 59-78试探韩中口笔译一体化教学及其实践方案우인호pp. 79-92
원문 보기