중국의 기업가 정신과 창업의식에 대한 연구 -기업가적 특성/역량, 태도/인식, 성과를 중심으로-
A Study on Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Intention in China -Focusing on Entrepreneurial Orientation/Ability, Attitude/Perception, performance-
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초록
본 연구에서는 기업가 정신과 관련한 선행연구를 통해 중국의 기업가 적 특성과 역량, 기업가적 태도와 인식 등에 대한 구성요인을 파악하였다. 이를 토대로 기업가적 특성과 역량이 기업가적 태도와 인식에 미치는 영향에 대해 검증하였으며, 또한 기업가적 특성 및 역량이 기업가적 성과(창업경험 및 창업계획)에 미치는 영향에 대해 검증하였다. 아울러 전통적인 중국의 지역별 비즈니스 문화(商帮文化)를 고려한 사전적 평가의 의미로서 중국내 지역별 혁신능력평가에서 상위권을 차지한 6개 지역(광동, 베이징, 장쑤, 상하이, 저장, 산동)의 기업가 정신에 대해 살펴보았다. 분석결과를 보면 개인의 기업가적 특성과 역량, 태도와 인식 사이에는 긍정적인 관계가 성립되는 것으로 나타났으며, 기업가적 성과(창업경험 및 창업계획)에도 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 개인의 기업가적 특성과 기업가적 역량은 기업가적 태도와 인식에 영향을 미칠 뿐만 아니라, 창업에 대한 실제경험과 계획에 있어서도 상당히 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 상술한 6개 지역의 기업가 정신은 통계적으로 유의한 결과를 보여주지는 못했다. 다만 평균값에 있어서는 상위 6개 혁신지역중 상하이가 가장 높게 나타난 반면 산동성은 중국의 지역 혁신능력 평가보고서(中国区域创新能力评价报告2018)와 같은 6위의 결과를 보여주었다.
Abstract
In this study, we analyzed the factors of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Entrepreneurial Ability, Entrepreneurial Attitude and Perception of China through previous studies on entrepreneurship. Based on this, we examined the influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Ability on Entrepreneurial Attitude and Perception. We also examined the influence of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Ability on Entrepreneurial performance (entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial planning). In addition, as a preliminary evaluation considering the traditional business culture of China, it can be said that there are six regions ranked among the top 6 in China Area Innovation Capacity Assessment Report(Guangdong, Beijing, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Shandong). The results of the analysis show that Entrepreneurial Orientation and Ability have a positive effect on Entrepreneurial Attitude and Perception. And also positively influences Entrepreneurial performance (entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial planning). In other words, individual Entrepreneurial Orientation and Entrepreneurial Ability not only affect Entrepreneurial Attitude and Perception, but also have a positive effect on actual experience and planning of entrepreneurship. On the other hand, the entrepreneurship of the above-mentioned six regions did not show statistically significant results. However, Shanghai has the highest average among the top 6 innovation areas. On the contrary, Shandong province ranked 6th is consistent with the results in (China Area Innovation Capacity Assessment Report 2018).
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