中国侨乡留守儿童的关爱服务机制的个案研究—基于行动者网络理论的视角
A Case Study of Care and Protection for Left-behind Children in the Hometown of Overseas Chinese: Proposing an Actor Network Perspective
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建立留守儿童关爱保护的社会福利政策受到各国重视，如何因地制宜地建立其关爱保护的机制是中国政府和研究者的重要问题。行动者网络理论是一种研究行动者之间相互作用并形成的异质性网络的社会学分析方法,可以通过追随核心行动者的运行脉络,向公众展示以此核心行动者为中心的网络建构过程。本文通过对浙江省重点侨乡的个案分析发现，父母出国留守儿童关爱服务机制主要包括核心行动者、强制通行点（核心利益诉求）和异质性行动者三类; 机制主要通过核心行动者引领项目的拓展,按强制通行点赋予行动者角色职责,基于利益赋予情况动态招募异质性行动者,积极动员行动者参与网络运行、促进网络可持续发展。中国父母出国留守儿童关爱服务机制运行中,一是要注意确立核心行动者，将兜底保护与精准关爱并重；二是要建构合理的强制通行点，融塑项目发展的共同愿景；三是要深化利益关联：招募和动员多元异质行动者参与；四是要保障网络高效运转：形成精准关爱合力。
Abstract
The establishment of social welfare policies for the care and protection of left-behind children has received attention from various countries, and it is an essential issue for the Chinese government and scholars to be set to offer the caring service for left-behind children according to local conditions. Actor Network Theory (ANT) is a sociological analysis method to study the interaction and formation of heterogeneous networks among actors. It presents the network construction process centred on this focal actor by following the operation of the focal actor. Through a case study of the hometown of overseas Chinese in Zhejiang Province, this paper finds that left-behind children's caring service mechanisms mainly include the focal actor, obligatory points of passage, and heterogeneous actors. These mechanisms mainly guide the expansion of the project through the focal actor, assign roles and responsibilities to actors according to the obligatory points of passage, dynamically recruit heterogeneous actors based on the benefits conferred, and actively mobilize actors to participate in the operation of the network for its sustainable development. In the operation of the caring service mechanisms for left-behind children in the hometown of overseas Chinese, first, it is necessary to establish the focal actor to offer both basic protection and precise caring service; second, it is necessary to build a reasonable obligatory point of passage to form a common vision for project development; third, it is necessary to deepen interessement, recruit multiple heterogeneous actors and mobilize their participation; fourth, it is necessary to ensure the efficient operation of the network to form the synergy of meticulous care.
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