중국 경제의 60년 회고와 평가

Abstract

For last sixty years, Chinese economy has grown very rapidly. The economy growth process of China can be divided into two periods; before the Reform and Open Door policy and after it. Before the Reform and Open Door policy, Chinese government pursued a centralized & planned economy and its social system more emphasized on the public ownership by a fair distribution rather than the private ownership according to the competition and performance. From 1949 to 1978, most of trials for the industrial productivity increase turned out to be failures, and the planned economy system by Chinese central government critically distorted the recourses distribution and the capital flow. Chinese communist party tried to correct such a disorder and inefficiency in national economy, and it was a key background for the Reform and Open Door policy. Through the Reform and Open Door policy, China made a great success at the productivity improvement as well as the capital accumulation. Also lots of private firms were established and per capita GDP increased continuously. At present, China takes the third place at GDP and trade volume in the world. The effect of the Reform and Open Door policy was much bigger than what it was expected. After all for last sixty years, China successively changed its national image and strengthened its global status through the risk taking and breakthrough, even though not a few problems such as environment pollution, resources exhaustion, income difference, rebalancing economy and global imbalance were still unsolved. In future Chinese economy growth trend will be continued for a long time through the domestic market development and the sustainable development friendly policies.