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화제 탈락과 pro 탈락

Topic drop and pro drop

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중국연구소 (INSTITUTE OF CHINESE STUDIES, Hankuk University of Foreign St)|2024.12|중국연구 (Journal of Sinology and China Studies)|제101권 |pp. 21-51|DOI 10.18077/chss.2024.101..002

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키워드

null subject화제 탈락영(零)화제pro 탈락영(零)주어주절 현상topic dropnull topicpro dropMCP
주제분류중국어와문학

초록

중국어형 언어와 독일어형 언어의 주요한 차이 중 하나는 전자가 광범위한 유형의 논항 탈락을 허용하는 반면 후자는 음운적으로 비어있는 영(零)화제를 극히 제한적으로만 허용하는 것이다. 본 연구의 주장은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 종종 뭉뚱그려서 ‘급진적 pro 탈락’이라고들 하는 현상에 대해 명확한 분류가 필요하다. 둘째, 영화제는 그 국부적 특성에 근거하여 근절(root clause) CP 가장자리(edge)로 제한되어 나타난다. 셋째, 중국어형 영화제는 내부병합으로 CP 가장자리를 인허한다. 넷째, CP 가장자리 요건은 최후의 수단으로만 제거될 수 있다. 이상의 주장에 대한 증거로 본 연구는 외현 화제(overt topic)와 영화제가 대조를 보이는 국부성 효과를 관찰하여 제시한다. 특히 외현 화제는 본래 자리에 pro를 쓸 수 있지만, 영화제는 내부병합을 통해 CP 가장자리로 가야만 쓸 수 있음을 보인다.

Abstract

One major difference between Chinese-type and German-type languages is that the former allows extensive types of argument drop, while the latter is quite limited beyond the existence of a null topic. This study argues (a) that it is necessary to distinguish among phenomena that have sometimes been referred to with the undifferentiating term "radical pro drop"; (b) that the null topic is restricted to root clauses (CP edge) based on its locality properties; (c) that the Chinese-type null topic requires licensing at the CP edge by Internal Merge; and (d) that the CP edge requirement may be lifted only under conditions of last resort. Evidence comes from our new observation of locality effects showing a contrast between overt and null topics. Specifically, while the pro option is available with an overt topic, null topics must be brought to the CP edge via Internal Merge.

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