인도네시아의 민족주의적 국사서술의 성격과 역사수정 노력
The Characteristics of the Nationalist History Writings and Some Efforts to Revise Them in Indonesia
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This paper aims at exploring the major characteristics of the national history of Indonesia. From the beginning, this history was a tool to establish and enhance nationalism. Thus, the history was dubbed with certain political purposes. It principally analyzes all the historical events and people within the framework of the nation and the state. It finds the origins of the state from some old empires such as Majapahit and Sriwijaya, which were unilaterally depicted as an ideal and glorious past of the archipelago. The achievement of wide territories was highly evaluated as the basis for current territoriality. The colonial periods were also simply descried as the dark ages, where the people in the archipelago finally was able to perceive them as the collective destinies. The suffering originated from the colonialism ensued in the Republic era with the widespread instabilities, such as regional rebellions, Communist uprisings, and other malicious political events. Although Suharto, the second president, emerged as the saviour of the endangered state, he himself posed various problems with corruption, nepotism, and collusion. In this nation-centered history writing, the status of minority groups was simply lost or described in the negative tones. Actually the history of Indonesia can be more rightfully described as an amalgam of divisive and partial entities and their histories. Thus, molecular or cross-boundary analysis will provide more insightful perspectives to see the history of the archipelago. Yet, this history paradigm will not necessarily mean the denial of state or nation. As national history itself has a limit in its ideological direction, namely to keep the paradigms in the boundary of state. Thus, the future history writing will be an arena where local and minor groups discuss the location of their histories within the framework of a nation.
Abstract
This paper aims at exploring the major characteristics of the national history of Indonesia. From the beginning, this history was a tool to establish and enhance nationalism. Thus, the history was dubbed with certain political purposes. It principally analyzes all the historical events and people within the framework of the nation and the state. It finds the origins of the state from some old empires such as Majapahit and Sriwijaya, which were unilaterally depicted as an ideal and glorious past of the archipelago. The achievement of wide territories was highly evaluated as the basis for current territoriality. The colonial periods were also simply descried as the dark ages, where the people in the archipelago finally was able to perceive them as the collective destinies. The suffering originated from the colonialism ensued in the Republic era with the widespread instabilities, such as regional rebellions, Communist uprisings, and other malicious political events. Although Suharto, the second president, emerged as the saviour of the endangered state, he himself posed various problems with corruption, nepotism, and collusion. In this nation-centered history writing, the status of minority groups was simply lost or described in the negative tones. Actually the history of Indonesia can be more rightfully described as an amalgam of divisive and partial entities and their histories. Thus, molecular or cross-boundary analysis will provide more insightful perspectives to see the history of the archipelago. Yet, this history paradigm will not necessarily mean the denial of state or nation. As national history itself has a limit in its ideological direction, namely to keep the paradigms in the boundary of state. Thus, the future history writing will be an arena where local and minor groups discuss the location of their histories within the framework of a nation.
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