해체, 글쓰기의 ‘여성적’ 실천: 식수(Cixous)의 ‘여성적 글쓰기’(écriture féminie)에 대한 하나의 독해
Feminist Practice of Deconstruction and Writing: The Way of Reading the Cixous’ Women’s Writing
0
조회
0
다운로드
8
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
이 글은 여성과 글쓰기의 관계에 대해서 성찰한다. ‘여성적 글쓰기’의 구성과 생산조건들을 보여주며, 어떻게 ‘여성’이 이상화된 여성과 부재의 기표로서의 여성에 저항하고상징질서의 안과 밖에서 ‘글쓰기’에 이르는지를 탐구한다. 이를 위해 1970년대 중반 프랑스에서 형성된 ‘여성적 글쓰기’의 사회문화적 조건을 살펴본 후, 이를 하나의 개념이나 이론이 아닌 역사적 현상으로 간주한다. 더 나아가 식수(Cixous)의 글쓰기를 면밀히분석하여 글쓰기의 여성적 실천으로서 해체의 힘에 주목한다. ‘여성적 글쓰기’를 태동시킨 몇몇의 텍스트들에서, 식수는 ‘목소리, 몸, 열린 주체’를 글쓰기에서 ‘여성성’의 발현으로 보았다. ‘목소리’의 중요성은 ‘어머니’와 깊은 관련이 있다. 언어의 소리, 리듬, 운율 등의 의미역 밖의 언어의 창조성이 특화된다. 이는 크리스테바(Kristeva)의 기호계와비교될 수 있다. 둘 사이에는 공통점과 차이점들이 존재한다. 식수의 텍스트에서 어머니는 남성 상징질서에서 숭고화된 희생적인 어머니가 아니다. ‘글쓰기’를 통한 일종의 발견으로 남성 상징질서를 흔드는, ‘하나 이상의 의미’를 지닌 단어이다. 식수는 ‘몸과의관계’를 재평가하고 발견하려 한다. 여기서 ‘몸’은 자연도 타자도 아닌, 여성들의 ‘새로운 글쓰기의 장’이다. 여성은 타인을 향해 스스로를 열 수 있는 능력을 가진 주체로서식수에 의해 ‘열린 주체’로 특권화된다. 여성들은 ‘글쓰기라는 실천’을 통해서, 다른 여성들의 역사를 받아들이고 기억하고, 함께 쓰고 증언하면서 역사를 쓴다. 이와 같이 ‘여성적 글쓰기’는 해체의 실천으로서 ‘새로운 역사쓰기’이다.
Abstract
This article tries to reflect on the relationship between woman and writing. This relationship necessarily connects to the language, the body and the political, social, cultural and historical problems. This work shows the conditions of the elaboration, and the production of women’s writing. It examines how women have begun to write by agitating the idea of the women and the signifier of lack. Firstly, the article proposes a critical overview of some different theories about women’s writing, discussing their evolution since the middle of 1970, then it analyses, through the texts of Cixous, the meaning of the voice, the body and the subject of ‘women’s writing’. Cixous enumerates these three points concerning the femininity in the writing: in the first place, a privilege of the voice, that is to say, an oralisation of language involving a relationship with the mother. We can establish an report between the conception of the voice at Cixous and the linguistic modality which Kristeva call ‘the semiotics’ and that she sets against another modality. This relationship with the mother is outside the usual metaphor and the sublimation; on the other hand, it is a kind of invention which disturbs the symbolic order. In the text of Cixous, the “mother” is not the sacrifiante mother sublimated by the male symbolic order. It is a word which has more than a sense as the invention by the writing; it disturbs the symbolic order. Secondly, Cixous privileges the body. The vision of Cixous is to revalue this report with body rather than to envisage it as a form of oppression, susceptible to disappear as the women who speak in their own bodies. Cixous tries to discover and to revalue the relationship in the body. The body is neither the nature, nor the other one, but the place of writing of the women. Third, Cixous privileges the open subjectivity, a capacity opens to the other one. The women’s writing brings to light another subject of the enunciation, an embodied voice addressing the other women. The ‘women’s writing’, an account of individual’s story and writing, meets the writing of history, yet resists the subsumption of the Woman and thought. The woman is the subject which is capable of opening to the other one, thus the women write together the history by accepting the story of the other women, in memorizing it and by witnessing it. Thus, the woman's writing is the new writing of the history(story) of the women as the practice of the deconstruction.
참고문헌 (45)
- 배지선, "‘자서전’(auto-bio-graphie): 삶을 위한 삶 ― 글", 쓰기(écriture) 계약, 2015, pp.8(2), 141~167[DOI]
- Barthes, Roland, "Le Bruissement de la Langue" (1984), Seuil
- Beauvoir, Simone de, "Le Deuxièm Sexe" (1976), Gallimard
- Butler, Judith, "Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity" (1990), Routledge
- Cixous, Hélène, "La Jeune Née" (1975), Union Gégérale d’Édition
- Cixous, Hélène, "Le Rire de la Méduse", L’Arc: Simone de Beauvoir et la Lutte des Femmes, 61, pp.39~54 (1975)
- Cixous, Hélène, "La" (1976), Galimard
- Cixous, Hélène, "Entretien avec Franoçois van Rossum-Guyon", Revues des Sciences Humaine, 168, pp.479~493 (1977)
- Cixous, Hélène, "Illa" (1980), Des Femmes
- Cixous, Hélène, "Entre l’Écriture" (1986), Des Femmes
- Cixous, Hélène, "Hélène Cixous, Chemins d’Une Écriture", pp.15~34 (1990), Pu de Vincennes
- Cixous, Hélène, "J’écris à la Force du Rêve", Le Magazine Littéraire, 479, pp.90~95 (2008)
- Cixous, Hélène, "Le Rire de la Méduse et Autres Ironies", pp.23~33 (2010), Galilée
- Derrida, Jacques, "Eperons" (1978), Flammarion
- Derrida, Jacques, "Psyché : Invention de l’Autre" (1987), L’Éditions Galilée
- Derrida, Jacques, "Mémoire pour Paul de Man" (1988), L’Éditions Galilée
- Derrida, Jacques, "Points de Suspension" (1992), Galilée
- Derrida, Jacques, "Le Monolinguisme de l’Autre" (1996), Galilée
- Derrida, Jacques, "Demeure" (1998), Galilée
- Derrida, Jacques, "Le Cahier de l’Herne" (2004), L’Éditions de l’Herne
- Foucault, Michel, "Dits et Écrits" (1994), Gallimard
- Fouque, Antoinette, "Il y a Deux Sexes" (1995), Gallimard
- Huston, Nancy, "Le Journal de la Création" (2001), Babel
- Huston, Nancy, "Passion d’Annie Leclerc" (2007), Acte Sud
- Irigaray, Luce, "Spéculum" (1974), Minuit
- Irigaray, Luce, "Ce Sexe Qui N’en est Pas Un" (1977), Minuit
- Irigaray, Luce, "Parler N’est Jamais Neutre" (1985), Minuit
- Jardine, Alice, "Gynesis : Configurations of Woman and Modernity" (1985), Cornell University Press
- Kristeva, Julia, "La Révolution du Langage Poétique" (1974), Seuil
- Kristeva, Julia, "Féminité et Écriture : En Réponse à Deux Questions sur Polylogue", Revues des Sciences Humaines, 4, pp.495~501 (1977)
- Kristeva, Julia, "Le Génie Féminin 3" (2002), Fayard
- Lacan, Jacques, "Encore" (1975), Seuil
- Lacan, Jacques, "Écrits II" (1999), Seuil
- Leclerc, Annie, "Parole de Femme" (2001), Babel
- Muraro, Luisa, "L’Ordre Symbolique de la Mère, traduit de l’Italien par Francesca Solari et Laurent Cornaz", pp.1991~ (2003), Harmattan
- Regard, Frédéric, "Le Rire de la Méduse et Autres Ironies", pp.9~22 (2010), Galilée
- Schor, Naomi, "Bad Objects: Essays Popular and Unpopular" (1995), Duck University Press
- Scott, Joan, "Conflicts in Feminism", pp.134~148 (1990), Routledge
- Setti, Nadia, "Hélène Cixous, Chemins d’Une Écriture", pp.99~107 (1990), Pu de Vincennes
- Setti, Nadia, "Passions Lectrices" (2010), Indigo
- Snitow, Ann, "Conflicts in Feminism", pp.9~43 (1990), Routledge
- Spivak, Gayatry, "In Other Worlds: Essays in Cultural Politics" (1987), Methuen
- Stistrup Jensen, Merete, "La Notion de Nature dans les Théories de l’Écriture Féminine", Revue Clio, Histoire, Femmes et Sociétés, 11, pp.165~177 (2000)
- Woolf, Virginia, "Une Chambre à Soi, traduit de l'anglais par Clara Malraux" (1980), Denoël and Gonthier
- "Message Personnel" (2010)[URL]