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한국 생명의료기술의 사회적 관리 미비와 재생산의 비가시화: 체외수정기술 자료 구성의 국제 비교를 중심으로

The Social Control of Biomedical Technology in Korea:An International Comparison of IVF Registries

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주제분류여성학

초록

본 논문에서는 한국의 생명의료기술의 사회적 관리 미비를 재생산의 사회적 의미 설정의 측면에서 살펴본다. 주로 체외수정기술의 자료 구성을 중심으로 한국에서 ‘자료’가 어떻게 구성되었는가를 미국 및 유럽의 상황과 비교한다. 기술의 사회적 관리를 한국에서의 재생산의 의미 설정과 함께 연동해서 보려는 이유는 두 가지다. 첫째, 한국에서의 사회적 관리 미비를 단지 ‘규제의 후진성’이 아니라 기술의 문제화로 읽고자 하는 의도에서 기술의 문제화를 구성하는 한 요소로 재생산의 의미규정을 보고자 함이다. 둘째, 생명의료기술과 관련된 서구 페미니스트의 비판 주류인 ‘여성 고유 영역에 가부장적 기술의 침탈’ 테제가 한국에서는 그대로 적용되기 어렵다는 것을, 그들이 주로 주장한 ‘여성의 비가시성’이 아닌 ‘재생산의 비가시성’으로 보고자 함이다.

Abstract

This article examines the social control of IVF technology in Korea, and compares it with other countries national registries and laws. During the 1990s and early 2000s, other countries that performed clinical treatments on the same scale as Korea established national registries compiling the related data and have worked on follow-up studies of children born of an IVF conception. Those countries have undertaken restrictive regulations to reduce the number of embryos transferred in one cycle. However, Korea never tried to keep a national registry or undertake follow-up studies on IVF children. Statistics indicate that the majority of infertility treatment cases in Korea involve transfer of over 4 embryos in one cycle. The long absence of social controls on reproductive technology in Korea can be traced not only to the lack of any restrictive regulations, but rather, has also been conditioned by the social definition of reproduction in Korea. Reproduction in itself has never been a visible, public responsibility within a welfare state system, and accordingly, women, who bear the sole responsibility for reproduction in Korea, have also remained invisible. Thus, the lack of social regulation over biomedical technology must be seen within a larger socio-technological system circumscribed by how reproduction is defined.

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