Karl Haag, Modern Linguistics, and ‘Real Character’
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
This paper introduces the German linguist Karl Haag (1860-1946) and places his work within the historical context of writings on ‘universal language’, artificial languages and the development of mathematics and logic in the early part of the 20th century. Haag’s 1902 book develops a system to describe the logical structure of language and to represent it not by words but by symbols. The basis of the system is that language is predicated on the human body and it is through our perceptions of space (the vertical, the horizontal, the distant, and the enclosed) that we create both literal and figurative language. These perceptions form semantic primes and may be applied equally to a number of fields, e.g., the biological and the mechanical. Haag produces symbols to represent the primes and the fields. He furthermore introduces the notion of ‘force levels’, by which a single concept such as ‘in’ may apply at five levels (be in, go in, put in, force in, be inserted). A basic argument-predicate structure is offered for syntax, and Haag demonstrates the elliptical nature of relative clauses, as well as the ways in which spatial primes may be used as conjunctions. A critique of the system follows. The relevance of Haag’s work to modern work on linguistics and to a digital Real Character is discussed and appropriate modifications and applications are suggested.
Abstract
This paper introduces the German linguist Karl Haag (1860-1946) and places his work within the historical context of writings on ‘universal language’, artificial languages and the development of mathematics and logic in the early part of the 20th century. Haag’s 1902 book develops a system to describe the logical structure of language and to represent it not by words but by symbols. The basis of the system is that language is predicated on the human body and it is through our perceptions of space (the vertical, the horizontal, the distant, and the enclosed) that we create both literal and figurative language. These perceptions form semantic primes and may be applied equally to a number of fields, e.g., the biological and the mechanical. Haag produces symbols to represent the primes and the fields. He furthermore introduces the notion of ‘force levels’, by which a single concept such as ‘in’ may apply at five levels (be in, go in, put in, force in, be inserted). A basic argument-predicate structure is offered for syntax, and Haag demonstrates the elliptical nature of relative clauses, as well as the ways in which spatial primes may be used as conjunctions. A critique of the system follows. The relevance of Haag’s work to modern work on linguistics and to a digital Real Character is discussed and appropriate modifications and applications are suggested.
참고문헌 (50)
- Batchelor, R., "A Guide to Contemporary French Usage" (1982), CUP
- Beck, C., "The Universal Character, by which All the Nations of the World may Understand One Another’s Conceptions, Reading out of one Common Writing their Own Mother Tongues", Tho. Maxey
- Benzing, J., "Karl Haag (1860-1946). Zeitschrift für Mundartforschung. 20 Jahrg., H.1 (Dec.1951)", 28~31 (1951)
- Browne, J., "Loglan 1: A Logical Language" (1966), The Loglan Institute, Inc
- Carus, P., "Pasigraphy — A Suggestion", The Monist, 4(14), pp.565~582 (1904)
- Chilton, P., "Language, Space, and Mind. The Conceptual Geometry of Linguistic Meaning" (2014), CUP
- Cook, W., "Introduction to Tagmemic Analysis" (1969), Holt Rinehart & Winston
- Couturat, L., "Histoire de la langue universelle" (1903), Hachette
- Croft, W., "Cognitive Linguistics" (2004), CUP
- Crystal, D., "The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language" (1987), CUP
- Dalgarno, G., "George Dalgarno on Universal Language", pp.137~289 (2001), OUP
- Davis, M., "The Universal Computer. The Road from Leibniz to Turing" (2000), W.W. Norton & Company Inc
- De Beaufront, L., "Complete Manual of the Auxiliary Language Ido" (1919), Pitman
- De Maimieux, J., "du Nouvel Art-Science", Au Bureau de la Pasigraphie
- Deutscher, G., "Through the Language Glass. How Words Colour Your World" (2010), Heinemann
- "1922", 1
- Eco, U., "The Search for the Perfect Language" (1995), Blackwell
- Edmonds, G., (1856), Richard Griffin & Company
- Evans, N., "The Myth of Language Universals: Language Diversity and its Importance for Cognitive Science", Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32(5), pp.429~492 (2009)
- Frege, G., "The Frege Reader", pp.47~78 (1997), Blackwell
- Grady, J., "Foundations of Meaning: Primary Metaphors and Primary Senses", Ph.D., pp.1977
- Greenberg, J., "Universals of Language" (1963), MIT Press
- Haag, K., "Versuch einer graphischen Sprache auf logischer Grundlage" (1902), W. Kohlhammer
- "Roth", 1893
- Hogben, L., "Interglossa" (1943), Penguin
- Lakoff, G., "Metaphors We Live By" (1980), the University of Chicago Press
- Lakoff, G., "Philosophy in the Flesh. The Embodied Mind and its Challenge to Western Thought" (1999), Basic Books
- Large, A., "The Artificial Language Movement" (1985), Basil Blackwell, in association with André Deutsch
- Leech, G., "Semantics" (1974), Penguin
- Legris, J., "Symbolic Knowledge from Leibniz to Husserl" (2012), College Publications
- Maat, J., "Philosophical Languages in the Seventeenth Century: Dalgarno, Wilkins, Leibniz" (2004), Kluwer Academic Publishers
- Ian Maun, "Towards a ‘Real Character’ for the Computer Age", Journal of Universal Language, 14(1), pp.143~184 (2013), 언어연구소
- Ian Maun, "‘Real Character’: Towards a Lexicon", Journal of Universal Language, 16(1), pp.87~130 (2015), 언어연구소
- Okrent, A., "In the Land of Invented Languages" (2009), Spiegel and Grau
- Peano, G., "De Latino Sine Flexione. Lingua Auxiliare Internationale", Revista de Mathematica (Revue de Mathématiques), 8, pp.74~83 (1903)
- Pei, M., "One Language for the World" (1951), The Devin-Adair Co
- Pike, K., "Linguistic Concepts. An Introduction to Tagmemics" (1982), University of Nebraska Press
- Pinker, S., "The Stuff of Thought. Language as a Window into Human Nature" (2007), Penguin
- Powell, J., "Introduction to Handbook of American Indian Languages by Franz Boas and: Indian Linguistic Families of America, north of Mexico" (1966), University of Nebraska
- Ruggles, J., "A Universal Language, Formed on Philosophical and Analogical Principles" (1829), M’Calla & Davis
- Salmon, V., "The Works of Francis Lodwick" (1972), Longman
- Sapir, E., "Language. An Introduction to the Study of Speech" (1963), Rupert Hart-Davis
- Schleyer, J., (1880)
- Seuren, P., "Chomsky’s Minimalism" (2004), OUP
- Stempfl, J., (1889), Kösel
- Talmy, L., "Syntax and Semantics 6: The Grammar of Causative Constructions", pp.43~116 (1976), Academic Press
- "to Language"
- Wilkins, J., "An Essay Towards a Real Character and a Philosophical Language" (1968), The Scolar Press
- Yaguello, M., "Lunatic Lovers of Language: Imaginary Languages and their Inventors" (1991), The Athlone Press
- Zamenhof, L., "Lingvo Internacia. (International Language. Preface and Complete Manual)" (1887), Kelter