신정론에 관한 신학적 고찰: 요한 밥티스트 메츠와 유르겐 몰트만을 중심으로
A Theological Study on Theodicy: Focusing on Johann Baptist Metz and Jürgen Moltmann
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세상에는 사람들을 고통스럽게 만드는 많은 상황이 있다. 질병, 사랑하는 사람의 죽음, 전쟁, 자연재해, 전염병 등에 고통받는 사람들은 왜 자신이 그런 고통을 당해야 하는지를 묻는다. 이 질문은 고통받는 사람들이 겪는 실존적 고통의 표현이다. 특히 무력하고 무고한 사람들이 겪어야 하는 고통은 인간이 납득 할 수 있는 답변을 요구한다. 이 논문은 삶의 여정 속에서 자신들의 잘못된 행위로 인해서가 아니라 자신들의 행위나 의지와 상관없이 겪어내어야 하는 악과 고통의 문제 앞에 서 있는 인간들에게 주어지는 신정론적 답변에 대하여 논증하고자 한다. 따라서 먼저 메츠와 몰트만의 신정론을 살펴보고 악과 고통의 문제에 대한 해답으로서 양자의 신정론이 각각 어떤 맥락에서 논의되고 있는지를 신학적으로 검토하려고 한다. 동일한 정치 신학적 관점에서 신정론을 전개했지만 메츠와 몰트만이 지향하는 신정론의 관점은 차이가 있었다. 메츠와 몰트만의 정치 신학적 신정론의 비교 분석을 통하여 바람직한 신정론을 제시할 것이다. 그 신정론을 통하여 오늘날 가장 중요한 질문이라고 할 수 있는 악과 고난에 직면하여 고통받고 있는 인간의 문제에 대한 해답을 시도하려고 한다.
Abstract
There are many situations in the world that make people suffer. People who suffer from disease, death of loved ones, war, natural disasters, epidemics, etc. ask why they have to suffer. This question is an expression of the existential suffer experienced by suffering people. In particular, the suffer that helpless and innocent people have to go through requires answers that humans can understand. This thesis aims to demonstrate the theodicistic answer given to human beings who stand in front of the problem of evil and suffering that they have to go through regardless of their actions or will, not because of their wrong actions in the journey of life. Therefore, I will first look at Metz's and Moltmann's theodicy and theologically examine in what context each theodicy is being discussed as an answer to the problem of evil and suffering. Although the theodicy was developed from the same political-theological point of view, the views of the theodicy pursued by Metz and Moltmann were different. A desirable theodicy will be presented through a comparative analysis of political theological theodicy of Metz and Moltmann. Through the theodicy, I try to answer the problem of human suffering in the face of evil and suffering, which can be said to be the most important question today.
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