Diminutives in Yangxin Gan
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Diminutives, long an area of interest for researchers in phonology and morphology, are typically formed by the suffixation of a diminutive affix onto a root word and denote the smallness or youthfulness of whatever is referred to. In Yangxin Gan, a dialect of Gan spoken in southern Hubei, China, diminutive forms are highly variable. They may be formed by the addition of a diminutive morpheme, the insertion of a high-rising tone, insertion of a nasal or change in vowel quality. The latter three processes may simultaneously apply in cases where the diminutive is monosyllabic, in which case a high-rising tone is obligatory, although the phonological realization of the nasal and nucleus is variable. While these sound change processes are seemingly unpredictable, this paper seeks to account for them through an Optimality Theory analysis in which feature spreading is partially determined by the underlying feature specification of vowels and partially by language-specific constraint rankings. Outlier examples are suggested to present evidence of contrast preservation and different diminutive forms are argued to be different phonological realizations of a single diminutive morpheme.
Abstract
Diminutives, long an area of interest for researchers in phonology and morphology, are typically formed by the suffixation of a diminutive affix onto a root word and denote the smallness or youthfulness of whatever is referred to. In Yangxin Gan, a dialect of Gan spoken in southern Hubei, China, diminutive forms are highly variable. They may be formed by the addition of a diminutive morpheme, the insertion of a high-rising tone, insertion of a nasal or change in vowel quality. The latter three processes may simultaneously apply in cases where the diminutive is monosyllabic, in which case a high-rising tone is obligatory, although the phonological realization of the nasal and nucleus is variable. While these sound change processes are seemingly unpredictable, this paper seeks to account for them through an Optimality Theory analysis in which feature spreading is partially determined by the underlying feature specification of vowels and partially by language-specific constraint rankings. Outlier examples are suggested to present evidence of contrast preservation and different diminutive forms are argued to be different phonological realizations of a single diminutive morpheme.
참고문헌 (28)
- Gulab Chand, "Sonority and Reduplication in Hadoti", Journal of Universal Language, 18(2), pp.1~37 (2017), 언어연구소[DOI]
- Crowhurst, M, "Diminutives and Augmentatives in Mexican Spanish: A Prosodic Analysis", Phonology, 9(2), pp.221~253 (1992)
- Taiwo O. Ehineni, "Prosodic Reduplication in Yorùbá", Journal of Universal Language, 18(2), pp.39~59 (2017), 언어연구소[DOI]
- Amir Ghorbanpour, "Loanword Syllable Adaptation in Persian: An Optimality-Theoretic Account", Journal of Universal Language, 20(2), pp.95~127 (2019), 언어연구소[DOI]
- Gibson, H., "Patterns and Developments in the Marking of Diminutives in Bantu", Nordic Journal of African Studies, 26(4), pp.344~383 (2017)
- Gregová, R, "Evaluative Morphology and (Mor)phonological Changes in Diminutives and Augmentatives of a Sample of Indo-European, Niger-Congo and Austronesian Languages", International Journal of Linguistics, Literature, and Translation, 1(1), pp.1~14 (2013)
- Huang, Q., "A Grammar of the Yangxin Dialect" (1995), China Three Gorges
- Kenstowicz, M., "Paradigmatic Uniformity and Contrast", Paper presented at the 3èmes Journées Internationales du GDR Phonologie (2001), Université de Nantes
- Lamont, A., "The Small Matter of the Afrikaans Diminutive", Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America, 2, pp.1~15 (2017)
- Lee, S., "Repair Strategies in Labial Dissimilation:Diminutive Formations in Xitsonga", Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics Plus, 44, pp.89~103 (2014)
- Li, C., "Successive Stages in the Development of Diminutive er-Suffixation: A Feature-Based Account and Implications for Mandarin Phonology", Paper presented at the 227th Annual Meeting of the American Oriental Society (2017)
- Lin, Y, "Degenerate Affixes and Templatic Constraints: Rime Change in Chinese", Language, 69(4), pp.649~682 (1993)
- Lin, Y, "Chinese Affixal Phonology: Some Analytical and Theoretical Issues", Language and Linguistics, 5(4), pp.1019~1046 (2004)
- Lin, Y., "Contrast Preservation in Morphophonology: Diminutive Rime Change in Hong’an Chinese", Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on East Asian Linguistics (2009), Simon Fraser University
- Lindau, M., "Phonetic Linguistics: Essays in Honour of Peter Ladefoged", pp.157~168 (1985), Academic Press
- Lubowicz, A., "Contrast Preservation in Phonological Mappings", Ph.D., pp.2003
- Ma, L., "Mandarin Diminutive Formation: An Optimality Analysis", Working Papers of the Linguistics Circle, 14, pp.47~59 (1997)
- Melnychuk, T., "Diminutive Consonant Harmony in Several Dialects of Cree", M.A., pp.2003
- Huynh Trang Nguyen, "The Adaptation of French Consonant Clusters in Vietnamese Phonology: An OT Account", Journal of Universal Language, 18(1), pp.69~103 (2017), 언어연구소
- Norrmann-Vigil, I, "Accounting for Variation of Diminutive Formation in Porteño Spanish", Mester, 41(1), pp.99~122 (2012)
- Rebrus, P., "Diminutive Formation in Hungarian", Acta Linguistica Academica, 68(1–2), pp.230~255 (2021)
- Sebregts, K., "The Sociophonetics and Phonology of Dutch “R”", pp.2015
- Su, H., "Historical Change of Diminutives in Southern Wu Dialects", Proceedings of the 29th North American Conference on Chinese Linguistics, 2, pp.533~544 (2017), Ohio State University
- Tessier, A., "Input “Clusters” and Contrast Preservation in OT", Proceedings of the West Coast Conference on Formal Linguistics, 23, pp.101~114 (2004), UC Davis
- Tian, J., "An Optimality Theory Analysis of Diminutive Suffixation of Beijing Chinese", Working Papers of the Linguistics Circle, 19(1), pp.217~231 (2009)
- van de Weijer, J, "An Optimality Theoretical Analysis of the Dutch Diminutive", Linguistics in the Netherlands, 19(1), pp.199~209 (2002)
- Yip, M, "Prosodic Morphology in Four Chinese Dialects", Journal of East Asian Linguistics, 1(1), pp.1~35 (1992)
- Zhang, J, "The", n, ŋ, pp.Asymmetry upon, ɻ[DOI]