도미니카공화국의 메렝게와 국민정체성 형성
Merengue and Formation of National Identity in the Dominican Republic
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도미니카공화국의 음악 메렝게는 트루히요 시대(1930-1960)의 반아이티주의 국민정체성을 형성하는 수단이었다. 이 당시 메렝게에 대한 도미니카공화국의 문화담론은 ‘스페인 특성’(hispanidad)을 강조했을 뿐만 아니라 아프리카계 카리브해 사람들의 음악 전통을 간과하고 메렝게가 도미니카공화국에서 기원했다고 주장했다. 이와 더불어 트루히요 독재 정권은 메렝게를 국민음악으로 규정하고, 음악적 혁신 또는 근대화를 추구했으며, 악단, 라디오, 텔레비전 등의 대중 매체를 통해서 메렝게를 전국적으로 보급했다. 이로써 메렝게는 도미니카공화국 사람들이 일상적으로 향유하는 문화가 되었으며, 이런 과정에서 트루히요 시대가 요구하는 국민정체성 형성에 일조하게 되었다.
Abstract
The merengue was a cultural tool to forge the anti-Haiti national identity in the era of Trujillo. At that time the Dominican discourse on the merengue emphasized the tradition of hispanicity(hispanidad), downplaying the influences of the Afro-Caribbean musical traditions, and argued that the merengue had originated in the Dominican Republic. The regime of Trujillo decreed that the merengue was the country’s national music, and it modernized the merengue and made it diffused in people's daily life through various media such as bands, radio and TV. This way the merengue constructed the Dominican national identity in the era of Trujillo.
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