미국 현대 환경주의의 등장
The Emergence of Modern American Environmentalism
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이 글의 목적은 1960년대 미국 환경주의의 등장 배경을 살펴보는 데 있다. 이 시기 환경운동은 자연자원의 효율적 이용을 목적으로 하는 20세기 중엽까지의 자연보존운동과 다른 것이었다. 환경주의는 운동의 강조점을 삶의 질의 문제에 두면서 대중들의 주목을 받게 되었다. 그러므로 현대 환경주의는 자연환경에 대한 대중적 관심이 확대되며 시작되었다. 대중들은 핵실험에 의한 방사성 낙진, 독성 화학물질에 대한 공포, 그리고 1960년대 미국이 경험한 일련의 사회경제적 상황과 상호 영향을 주고받으며 환경운동의 주체로 나서게 되었다. 그리고 현대 환경운동의 기념비적인 저서 레이첼 카슨이 『침묵의 봄』은 생태계와 인간 사이의 상관관계를 대중들에게 환기 시키고 그 과학적 근거를 제공하였다. 현대 환경주의는 이러한 요인들을 통해 자연에 대한 대중들의 사회적 통념을 바꾸며 등장하였다.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to examine the emergence background of the American environmentalism in the 1960s. The environmental movement differed markedly from conservation movement that was an effort to bring about more efficient development of physical resources to the mid-20th. By comparison with conservation, the environment was far more widespread and popular, involving public value that stressed the quality of the human environment and hence of life. In this regard, the modern environmentalism emerged with expanding public concern for nature. Growing worries about radioactive fallout and toxic chemicals gave rise to public concern about human health. The socio-economic changes in 1960s also had mutual influence on these public fear. And Rachel Carson’s book Silent Spring spread the word about ecological system, provided a scientific basis about environmentalism to the public. Proceeding from this facts, the modern American environmentalism began to emerge with the changing conventional wisdom for nature.
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