5·16 군사정부의 가족계획정책 입안 배경과 논리

Abstract

This study analyzes the Family Planning policy(가족계획정책) and adoption reasoning of the May 16th Military Governments. Because the Family planning policy has had a significant influence on the current population structure and birth encouragement policy. Since the mid 1950s, the discourse on birth control has been formed by the influence of overseas demographic theory and population policy in Korea. The discourse on birth control affected the government policy and the need for the 3-year Economic Development Plan(경제개발3개년계획), which was drafted in First Republic Korea(1공화국), is mentioned. In addition, the Family Planning Association in Korea(대한가족계획협회) was also established to carry out family planning policy in the private sector. However, due to the April 19th Revolution and the May 16th Military Coup, it was not implemented with concrete policy. The military government, which took control of the country in the May 16th Military Coup, designated economic growth as a top priority for securing legitimacy of the regime. In this process, as part of the economic development plan, the family planning policy was formulated and implemented. The military government succeeded in revising the plan for the 3-year Economic Development Plan of First Republic Korea, and modifying it in the process of setting up a goal. The initial plan, which mentions the need for policies, has be clarified the objectives and direction of policy, through the timing of the Second Republic Korea(2공화국) and the Military Government. Since then, the 1st 5-Year Economic Development Plan(제1차경제개발5개년계획) and the supplementation plan of the Military Government have been established to implement the plan and the project cost plan. In the course of the succession and modification, and enforcement of Family Planning policy, the Military Government used the ‘Revenue-Cost’ Analysis(수익-비용분석) method for the adoption of policy. the ‘Revenue-Cost’ Analysis is an economical method to support the economic feasibility of a particular project when selecting a public investment project. The ‘Revenue-Cost’ Analysis which was used to adopt the Family Planning policy is to compute the profit calculated by deducting the cost of birth of a person from the cost of birth prevention to one person in the country from birth to 14 to 14. Based on this reasoning, the Family Planning policy was implemented as part of the economic development plan and has been put on hold for over 30 years. By analyzing the reasoning of policy adoption, it is noteworthy that the Military Government recognized the people and the population as the “subjects of consumption” rather than “the subject of production”.