計量的手法を用いた九州北部方言区画の再考

Abstract

It is commonly believed that there are various proposals about geographical classification of Japanese dialects, which starts with the advocated theory by Tojo(1927). Although we could overview the Japanese dialects distribution with those proposals, but it is hard to understand the details of any local region. In this study, we reconsider the traditional classification of Northern Kyushu dialects based on the survey data in the area. The data are based on the answers obtained from 99 men of the 4th generation in 25 area points on Nagasaki-Kaido(through Fukuoka Prefecture, Saga Prefecture, Nagasaki Prefecture), and are analyzed the similarity of the dialects from the viewpoint of vocabulary, grammar and honorific expression by using quantitative approach: Quantification III. Based on the results, we found that the distribution of vocabulary are similar to the grammar distribution, but the distribution of honorific expression are difference from others. First, the Hichiku-dialect, which is one of the traditional Kyushu dialectal classes, could be classified as Fukuoka dialect vs ‘Saga dialect and Nagasaki dialect’ concerning the data of ‘vocabulary & grammar’. On the other hand, it has turned out that there are complex distribution concerning honorific expression in those prefectures. Specifically, the area where one of the honorific words, Sharu, are used are distributed from Koyanose to Ureshino, and the area is adjacent to the following two areas. The one is Nagasaki area where the other honorific words, Rasu, are used, and the other is from Kokura to Kurosaki area, where common honorific words are used. In the research so far, the similarity among the three prefectures are believed among researchers, but we could reveal that there are more detailed classification in Hichiku dialect based on the results of the Nagasaki-Kaido Grottogram survey by using Quantitative approach.