Comparison of Free and Dipeptide Lysine Utilization in Diets for Juvenile Olive Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
We compared the utilization efficiency of free lysine (FL) and dipeptide lysine–glycine (LG) in terms of growth performance and whole-body amino acid composition in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. A basal experimental diet was formulated to contain 0.5% (basal) lysine from fish meal, and four other diets were prepared by supplementing 0.5% or 1.0% of either FL or LG. The experiment was performed in triplicate, and 20 randomly selected fish averaging 5.41 ± 0.16 g were fed one of the test diets at the rate of 3% BW/day twice daily for 6 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the basal diet showed significantly less weight gain than did the other groups. The results of a two-way ANOVA showed that both lysine level (P = 0.001) and type (P = 0.034) influenced growth rate; however, we found no significant interaction between lysine level and form (P > 0.05). Our results revealed a significant improvement in protein efficiency ratio (PER) with each increment of dietary lysine, and the groups fed LG-supplemented diets showed higher PER than did those offered FL. Hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices were significantly influenced by lysine level and form, and higher values were recorded in fish fed diets containing LG. Significantly higher whole-body arginine levels were found in LG-fed groups, and a significant interaction was observed between lysine level and form (P = 0.009). Whole-body valine and aspartic acid contents were affected by lysine level, and alanine concentration was influenced by both lysine level and form. Our findings indicate that juvenile olive flounder can utilize LG more efficiently than FL for protein synthesis.
Abstract
We compared the utilization efficiency of free lysine (FL) and dipeptide lysine–glycine (LG) in terms of growth performance and whole-body amino acid composition in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. A basal experimental diet was formulated to contain 0.5% (basal) lysine from fish meal, and four other diets were prepared by supplementing 0.5% or 1.0% of either FL or LG. The experiment was performed in triplicate, and 20 randomly selected fish averaging 5.41 ± 0.16 g were fed one of the test diets at the rate of 3% BW/day twice daily for 6 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, fish fed the basal diet showed significantly less weight gain than did the other groups. The results of a two-way ANOVA showed that both lysine level (P = 0.001) and type (P = 0.034) influenced growth rate; however, we found no significant interaction between lysine level and form (P > 0.05). Our results revealed a significant improvement in protein efficiency ratio (PER) with each increment of dietary lysine, and the groups fed LG-supplemented diets showed higher PER than did those offered FL. Hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indices were significantly influenced by lysine level and form, and higher values were recorded in fish fed diets containing LG. Significantly higher whole-body arginine levels were found in LG-fed groups, and a significant interaction was observed between lysine level and form (P = 0.009). Whole-body valine and aspartic acid contents were affected by lysine level, and alanine concentration was influenced by both lysine level and form. Our findings indicate that juvenile olive flounder can utilize LG more efficiently than FL for protein synthesis.
참고문헌 (51)
- Adibi SA, "The oligopeptide transporter (Pept-1) in human intestine: biology and function", Gastroenterology, 113, pp.332~340 (1997)
- Ahmed I, "Dietary lysine requirement of fi ngerling Indian major carp, Cirrhinus mrigala (Hamilton)", Aquaculture, 235, pp.499~511 (2004)
- Akiyama T, "Comparison of essential amino acid requirement with A", E ratio among fish species (Review Paper), 1997, pp.63, 963~970
- AOAC, "Official Methods Analysis. 16th ed" (1995), Association of Official Analytical Chemists
- Aragão C, "A balanced dietary amino acid profi le improves amino acid retention in post-larval Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis)", Aquaculture, 233, pp.293~304 (2004)
- Berge GE, "Effects of feeding Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) imbalanced levels of lysine and arginine", Aquacult Nutr, 8, pp.239~248 (2002)
- Bicudo AJA, "Estimating amino acid requirement of Brazilian freshwater fish from muscle amino acid profile", J World Aquacult Soc, 40, pp.818~823 (2009)
- Boge G, "Rates of in vivo intestinal absorption of glycine and glycyglycine by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri R.)", Comp Biochem Physiol, 69, pp.455~459 (1981)
- Boge G, "Amino acid transport by intestinal brush border vesicles of a marine fi sh, Boops salpa", Comp Biochem Physiol B, 131, pp.19~26 (2002)
- Busacker, GP, "Methods for Fish Biology", pp.363~387 (1990), American Fisheries Society
- Cahu N, "Effect of the molecular-form of dietary nitrogen supply in sea bass larvae-response of pancreatic-enzymes and intestinal peptidases", Fish Physiol Biochem, 14, pp.209~214 (1995)
- Carvalho AP, "Solubility and peptide profi le affect the utilization of dietary protein by common carp (Cyprinus carpio) during early larval stages", Aquaculture, 234, pp.319~333 (2004)
- Cowey CB, "Studies on the uptake of (14C) amino acids derived from both dietary (14C) protein and dietary (14C) amino acids by rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson", J Fish Biol, 33, pp.293~305 (1988)
- Dabrowski K, "The smallest vertebrate, teleost fi sh, can utilize synthetic dipeptide-based diets", J Nutr, 133, pp.4225~4229 (2003)
- Dabrowski K, "A concept of dietary dipeptides: a step to resolve the problem of amino acid availability in the early life of vertebrates", J Experimental Biol, 208, pp.2885~2894 (2005)
- Dabrowski K, "The effects of dietary indispensable amino acid imbalances on feed intake: Is there a sensing of deficiency and neural signaling present in fish?", Aquaculture, 268, pp.036~142 (2007)
- Daniel H, "Molecular and integrative physiology of intestinal peptide transport", Ann Rev Physiol, 66, pp.361~384 (2004)
- Deng DF, "Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Pacifi c threadfi n (Polydactylus sexfilis)", Aquaculture, 308, pp.44~48 (2010)
- D’Mello JPF, "Amino Acids in Farm Animal Nutrition" (1994), CAB International
- Doring F, "Minimal molecular determinants of substrates for recognition by the intestinal peptide transporter", J Biol Chem, 273, pp.23211~23218 (1998)
- Forster I, "Lysine requirement of juvenile Japanese fl ounder Paralichthys olivaceus and juvenile red sea beam Pagrus major", Aquaculture, 161, pp.131~142 (1998)
- Ganapathy V, "Physiology of Gastrointestinal tract", pp.1773~1794 (1994), Raven Press
- Green JA, "The optimum dietary essential amino acid pattern for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to maximize nitrogen retention and minimize nitrogen excretion", Fish Physiol Biochem, 27, pp.97~108 (2002)
- Grimble G, "The signifi cance of peptides in clinical nutrition", Ann Rev Nutr, 14, pp.419~447 (1994)
- Gόmez-Requeni P, "Effects of dietary amino acid profi le on growth performance, key metabolic enzymes and somatotropic axis responsiveness of gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)", Aquaculture, 220, pp.749~767 (2003)
- Kaushik SJ, "Postprandial metabolic changes in larval and juvenile carp (Cyprinus carpio)", Reprod Nutr Develop, 23, pp.223~234 (1983)
- 김성삼, "Comparison of Growth Performance and Whole-body Amino Acid Composition in Red Seabream (Pagrus major) Fed Free or Dipeptide Form of Phenylalanine", ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES, 25(8), pp.1138~1144 (2012), 아세아·태평양축산학회[DOI]
- Kim SS, "Comparison of leucine requirement in olive fl ounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by free or synthetic dipeptide forms of leucine", Anim Feed Sci Technol, 183, pp.195~201 (2013)
- Kurokawa T, "Development of intestinal brush border aminopeptidase in the larval Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus", Aquaculture, 162, pp.113~124 (1998)
- Kwasek K, "Utilization of dipeptide", protein based diets in larval and juvenile koi carp-post-prandial free amino acid levels, 2010, pp.94, 35~43
- Kwasek K, "The effect of dietary dipeptide lysine–glycine on growth, muscle proteins, and intestine PepT1 gene expression in juvenile yellow perch", Rev Fish Biol Fish, 22, pp.797~812 (2012)
- Matthews D, "Protein Absorption" (1991), Wiley-Liss
- McLaughlin PA, "The Biology of Crustacea", pp.51~52 (1983), Academic Press
- Aquaculture Statistic from Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of Korea, "Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries", ~ (2013)
- Murai T, "Effect of coating amino acids with casein supplmented to gelatin diet on plasma free amino acids of carp", Bull Jap Soc Sci Fish, 48, pp.703~710 (1982)
- NRC, "National Research Council Nutrient Requirements of Fish" (1993), National Academy Press
- NRC, "Nutrient Requirements of Fish" (2011), Natl Academy Press
- Reshkin S, "Intestinal glycyl-L-phenylalanine and L-phenylalanine trasnport in a euryhaline teleost", Am J Physiol, 260, pp.R563~R569 (1991)
- Rønnestad I, "Free amino acids are absorbed faster and assimilated more efficiently than protein in postlarval Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis)", J Nutr, 130, pp.2809~2812 (2000)
- Rønnestad I, "The supply of amino acids during early feeding stages of marine fish larvae: a review of recent findings", Aquaculture, 227, pp.147~164 (2003)
- Rust MB, "A new method for force feeding larval fish", Aquaculture, 116, pp.341~352 (1993)
- Tesser M, "Free- and peptide-based dietary arginine supplementation for the South American fish pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)", Aquacult Nutr, 11, pp.443~453 (2005)
- Verri T, "Molecular and functional characterisation of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) PEPT1-type peptide transporter", FEBS Lett, 549, pp.115~122 (2003)
- Wang S, "Quantitative dietary lysine requirement of juvenile grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella", Aquaculture, 249, pp.419~429 (2005)
- Wilson RP, "Amino acid composition of whole body tissue of rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon", Aquaculture, 48, pp.373~376 (1985)
- Wilson RP, "Relationship of whole body and egg essential amino acid patterns to amino acid requirement patterns in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus", Comp Biochem Physiol, 80, pp.385~388 (1985)
- Yamamoto T, "Self-selection of diets with different amino acid profiles by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)", Aquaculture, 187, pp.375~386 (2000)
- ZamboninoInfante JL, "Partial substitution of di- and tripeptides for native proteins in sea bass diet improves Dicentrarchus labrax larval development", J Nutr, 127, pp.608~614 (1997)
- Zarate DD, "Free lysine (L-lysine·HCL) is utilized for growth less efficiently than protein-bound lysine (soybean meal) in practical diets by young channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)", Aquaculture, 159, pp.87~100 (1997)
- Zhang Y, "Indispensable amino acid concentrations decrease in tissues of stomachless fish, common carp in response to free amino acid- or peptide-based diets", Amino Acids, 31, pp.165~172 (2006)
- Zhou XQ, "Dietary lysine requirement of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)", Aquacult Nutr, 14, pp.381~386 (2008)
