Effects of Electric Cortical Stimulation (ECS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) on Rats With a Traumatic Brain Injury
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Objective To evaluate the effects of electric cortical stimulation (ECS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor and cognitive function recovery and brain plasticity in focal traumatic brain injury (TBI) of rats model. Methods Forty rats were pre-trained to perform a single pellet reaching task (SPRT), rotarod test (RRT), and Y-maze test for 14 days, then a focal TBI was induced by a weight drop model on the motor cortex. All rats were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: anodal ECS (50 Hz and 194 μs) (ECS group), tDCS (0.1 mA, 50 Hz and 200 μs) (tDCS group), and no stimulation as a control group. Four-week stimulation, including rehabilitation, was started 3 days after the operation. SPRT, RRT, and Y-maze were measured from day 1 to day 28 after the TBI was induced. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry staining evaluations were performed at 4 weeks. Results SPRT was improved from day 7 to day 26 in ECS, and from day 8 to day 26 in tDCS compared to the control group (p<0.05). SPRT of ECS group was significantly improved on days 3, 8, 9, and 17 compared to the tDCS group. Y-maze was improved from day 8 to day 16 in ECS, and on days 6, 12, and 16 in the tDCS group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Y-maze of the ECS group was significantly improved on day 9 to day 15 compared to the tDCS group. The c-Fos protein expression was better in the ECS group and the tDCS group compared to the control group. Conclusion Electric stimulation in rats modified with a focal TBI is effective for motor recovery and brain plasticity. ECS induced faster behavioral and cognitive improvements compared to tDCS during the recovery period of rats with a focal TBI.
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the effects of electric cortical stimulation (ECS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on motor and cognitive function recovery and brain plasticity in focal traumatic brain injury (TBI) of rats model. Methods Forty rats were pre-trained to perform a single pellet reaching task (SPRT), rotarod test (RRT), and Y-maze test for 14 days, then a focal TBI was induced by a weight drop model on the motor cortex. All rats were randomly assigned to one of the three groups: anodal ECS (50 Hz and 194 μs) (ECS group), tDCS (0.1 mA, 50 Hz and 200 μs) (tDCS group), and no stimulation as a control group. Four-week stimulation, including rehabilitation, was started 3 days after the operation. SPRT, RRT, and Y-maze were measured from day 1 to day 28 after the TBI was induced. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry staining evaluations were performed at 4 weeks. Results SPRT was improved from day 7 to day 26 in ECS, and from day 8 to day 26 in tDCS compared to the control group (p<0.05). SPRT of ECS group was significantly improved on days 3, 8, 9, and 17 compared to the tDCS group. Y-maze was improved from day 8 to day 16 in ECS, and on days 6, 12, and 16 in the tDCS group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Y-maze of the ECS group was significantly improved on day 9 to day 15 compared to the tDCS group. The c-Fos protein expression was better in the ECS group and the tDCS group compared to the control group. Conclusion Electric stimulation in rats modified with a focal TBI is effective for motor recovery and brain plasticity. ECS induced faster behavioral and cognitive improvements compared to tDCS during the recovery period of rats with a focal TBI.
참고문헌 (40)
- Harvey RL, "Cortical brain stimulation: a potential therapeutic agent for upper limb motor recovery following stroke", Top Stroke Rehabil, 14, pp.54~67 (2007)[DOI]
- Minhas AS, "Magnetic flux density measurement with balanced steady state free precession pulse sequence for MREIT: a simulation study", Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2009, pp.2276~2278 (2009)
- Martin PI, "Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a complementary treatment for aphasia", Semin Speech Lang, 25, pp.181~191 (2004)[DOI]
- Kim HI, "Unipolar and continuous cortical stimulation to enhance motor and language deficit in patients with chronic stroke: report of 2 cases", Surg Neurol, 69, pp.77~80 (2008)[DOI]
- Brown JA, "Motor cortex stimulation for the enhancement of recovery from stroke: a prospective, multicenter safety study", Neurosurgery, 58, pp.464~473 (2006)[DOI]
- Boggio PS, "Enhancement of non-dominant hand motor function by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation", Neurosci Lett, 404, pp.232~236 (2006)[DOI]
- Hummel F, "Effects of non-invasive cortical stimulation on skilled motor function in chronic stroke", Brain, 128, pp.490~499 (2005)[DOI]
- Nitsche MA, "Facilitation of implicit motor learning by weak transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex in the human", J Cogn Neurosci, 15, pp.619~626 (2003)[DOI]
- National Research Council, "Guide for the care and use of laboratory animals. 8th ed." (2011), National Academies Press
- Feeney DM, "Responses to cortical injury: I. Methodology and local effects of contusions in the rat", Brain Res, 211, pp.67~77 (1981)[DOI]
- Ducker TB, "Handbook of clinical neurology", pp.9~26 (1976), Elsevier
- 윤용순, "The Effect of Electric Cortical Stimulation after Focal Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats", Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 36(5), pp.596~608 (2012), 대한재활의학회
- Paxinos G, "The rat brain in stereotaxic coordinates", pp.30~82 (2007), Elsevier
- 양충용, "뇌경색 백서 모델에서 신경연접과 신경세포에 대한 지속적 뇌경막외 전기자극의 효과", Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 32(4), pp.375~387 (2008), 대한재활의학회
- Salzman SK, "The neurobiology of central nervous system trauma", pp.3~12 (1994), Oxford University Press
- Vergara-Aragon P, "A novel skilled-reaching impairment in paw supination on the good side of the hemi-Parkinson rat improved with rehabilitation", J Neurosci, 23, pp.579~586 (2003)[DOI]
- Hunter AJ, "To what extent have functional studies of ischaemia in animals been useful in the assessment of potential neuroprotective agents?", Trends Pharmacol Sci, 19, pp.59~66 (1998)[DOI]
- Dellu F, "A two-trial memory task with automated recording: study in young and aged rats", Brain Res, 588, pp.132~139 (1992)[DOI]
- Conrad CD, "The effects of type I and type II corticosteroid receptor agonists on exploratory behavior and spatial memory in the Y-maze", Brain Res, 759, pp.76~83 (1997)[DOI]
- Garcia JH, "Neurological deficit and extent of neuronal necrosis attributable to middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Statistical validation", Stroke, 26, pp.627~635 (1995)[DOI]
- Nudo RJ, "Role of adaptive plasticity in recovery of function after damage to motor cortex", Muscle Nerve, 24, pp.1000~1019 (2001)[DOI]
- Kreisel SH, "Pathophysiology of stroke rehabilitation: the natural course of clinical recovery, use-dependent plasticity and rehabilitative outcome", Cerebrovasc Dis, 23, pp.243~255 (2007)[DOI]
- Kleim JA, "Motor cortex stimulation enhances motor recovery and reduces peri-infarct dysfunction following ischemic insult", Neurol Res, 25, pp.789~793 (2003)[DOI]
- Sawaki L, "Effects of somatosensory stimulation on use-dependent plasticity in chronic stroke", Stroke, 37, pp.246~247 (2006)[DOI]
- Plautz EJ, "Post-infarct cortical plasticity and behavioral recovery using concurrent cortical stimulation and rehabilitative training: a feasibility study in primates", Neurol Res, 25, pp.801~810 (2003)[DOI]
- 강청, "The Effect of Continuous Epidural Electrical Stimulation on Neuronal Proliferation in Cerebral Ischemic Rats", Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine, 37(3), pp.301~310 (2013), 대한재활의학회
- Adkins-Muir DL, "Cortical electrical stimulation combined with rehabilitative training: enhanced functional recovery and dendritic plasticity following focal cortical ischemia in rats", Neurol Res, 25, pp.780~788 (2003)[DOI]
- Teskey GC, "Cortical stimulation improves skilled forelimb use following a focal ischemic infarct in the rat", Neurol Res, 25, pp.794~800 (2003)[DOI]
- Moon SK, "Effect of prolonged cortical stimulation differs with size of infarct after sensorimotor cortical lesions in rats", Neurosci Lett, 460, pp.152~155 (2009)[DOI]
- 김상준, "Functional and Histologic Changes After Repeated Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Rat Stroke Model", Journal of Korean Medical Science, 25(10), pp.1499~1505 (2010), 대한의학회
- Liebetanz D, "Pharmacological approach to the mechanisms of transcranial DC-stimulation-induced after-effects of human motor cortex excitability", Brain, 125, pp.2238~2247 (2002)[DOI]
- Yoon KJ, "Functional improvement and neuroplastic effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) delivered 1 day vs. 1 week after cerebral ischemia in rats", Brain Res, 1452, pp.61~72 (2012)[DOI]
- Sim KC, "The effects of tDCS and Montoya stair task on sensorimotor recovery and GFAP expression in MCAo induced stroke rat model", J Int Acad Phys Ther Res, 2, pp.193~200 (2011)[DOI]
- Yu SH, "The effect of tDCS on cognition and neurologic recovery of rats with Alzheimer's disease", J Phys Ther Sci, 26, pp.247~249 (2014)[DOI]
- Boggio PS, "Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on working memory in patients with Parkinson's disease", J Neurol Sci, 249, pp.31~38 (2006)[DOI]
- Lacroix L, "Effect of excitotoxic lesions of rat medial prefrontal cortex on spatial memory", Behav Brain Res, 133, pp.69~81 (2002)[DOI]
- Pratt WE, "Neurons in rat medial prefrontal cortex show anticipatory rate changes to predictable differential rewards in a spatial memory task", Behav Brain Res, 123, pp.165~183 (2001)[DOI]
- Iyer MB, "Safety and cognitive effect of frontal DC brain polarization in healthy individuals", Neurology, 64, pp.872~875 (2005)[DOI]
- Morgan JI, "Stimulus-transcription coupling in the nervous system: involvement of the inducible proto-oncogenes fos and jun", Annu Rev Neurosci, 14, pp.421~451 (1991)[DOI]
- Day HE, "Conditioned fear inhibits c-fos mRNA expression in the central extended amygdala", Brain Res, 1229, pp.137~146 (2008)[DOI]
