인천의 일본인 묘지 부지 이전과 일본식 시가지 확장 과정 -1883년 제물포 개항부터 1910년 한일병합 이전까지-

Abstract

This study investigated the change of the city landscape appeared in the concessions of the Incheon Harbor before the colonial rule was earnestly started by the Japanese annexation of Korea in 1910; that is, it investigated how the Japanese town was expanded, focused on the Japanese cemetery placed in the outskirts of the concessions. The Japanese government had developed the project for securing the cemetery in advance as closely as they had measured the area to be the cemetery and made a surveyed map through undercover officers before starting consultation with Korean government about the cemetery site. Through this, the Japanese government and residents succeeded in securing about 15 thousand pyeongs of a cemetery site, which is wider than the Japanese concession. Moreover, the Japanese residents succeeded again in securing a new site of more than 3,500 pyeongs in the outskirt of the concession, by exchanging the land belonging to Lee Ha-yeong in the Chookhyeon with a part of the cemetery. They designated the Lee Ha-yeong's land as a new cemetery and created a Japanese-style city by moving the naval and army cemetery here and building stores and houses in the old cemetery. In this process, the naval and army cemetery, which was just a quiet walking place, the south of each country in the beginning of opening the port, was changed into a Japanese-style city called Gungjeong and Sajeong just in about 20 years, representing one of the prime sites in Incheon. Like this, the Japanese residence in the open port Incheon did not restrict to areas divided for foreigners, that is, concessions. The Japanese government and resident society tried to carry forward a seashore reclamation project or to secure a new concession near the existing concession, but as a matter of fact, it was difficult not only to secure a new concession but also to reclaim seashore because of the opposition of the resident societies of each country worrying the extension of the Japanese power. In this situation, the vast cemetery was the optimal place for creating the residence by carrying forward “a project of creation of a city unconsciously” with the connivance of the Korean government. Like this, the official agent, which demanded for a cemetery exercising the influence to the Korean government to prepare the Japanese residence flowing in Incheon taking the special advantage of the war after the Sino-Japanese War(1894-5), was the Japanese government including the Japanese consul in Incheon. However, the practical power that had changed the cemetery into the Japanese-style city was the very resident society. They not only asked the Japanese consul to exchange a part of cemetery with Lee Ha-yoeng’s land and to designate this as a new cemetery, but also they bore all expenses used for building temples and schools and improving roads, including purchasing the cemetery and relocating graves. Therefore, it could be said the actual main character that changed the city landscape of the open port Incheon into the Japanese-style city was Japanese residents. However, in the process that Japanese residents increased and the Japanese-style city was expanded, the Korean towns were ousted to suburbs more and more. In the beginning of opening the port, the Korean town naturally created in Dap-dong between concessions of each country and the Japanese cemetery was gradually ousted to the hill down the Japanese cemetery due to the Japanese' land purchase and demolition of houses. And those who could not bear the increase in land prices in the process of the city development according to relocation of the burial ground gave their houses to the Japanese and moved again to the mountainside in Songrim-ri and Songhyeon-ri.