조선 16세기 감로도의 위난 이미지를 통해 본 사회상

Abstract

Existing Sweet Nectar Paintings in the 16th Joson dynasty are estimated about 70works. The Painting of private collection in Korea(1580), Yakusen-Ji(1589), Saiko-Ji(1590), and Joden-Ji(1591) in Japan represents 16th century's the Sweet Nectar Paintings. These unique five paintings portrait Buddha and Bodhisattva descending from the heaven, laypeople’s ill-informed devotion to Buddhism that causes of disasters, and starving ghosts and spirits who guide laypeople onto the Pure Land of Sukhavati by offering the sweet nectar Generally, the Sweet Nectar Painting is divided major three parts. In the upper part, there are Inrowang Bodhisattva, Amitabha Triad, and Seven Buddhas. In the middle part, Buddhist monks perform a sacred ritual and people provide offerings to Buddha. In the bottom part, the painting depicts crises and perils that provides a visual code and reflects its social aspect at that time as well. Various icons painted on the bottom of the Sweet Nectar Painting, points out that the 16th century are less complicated than those of in the late Choseon Period. On the contrary, an unnatural death scenes occurring among laypeople and scenes that ghosts taste Sweet Nectar describe by parallel way. For example, a natural disaster, a calamity, a suicide, a dal disabout corporal punishment, a balquet, a life, a soul scene, and so forth. The reason that the Sweet Nectar Painting has various backgle,nd scenes in the bottom is considered as reflecting the social ior exs of disasters. Especially, a flood daster or a life, a livestock, and a cereal damage from some tigers was the one of the serious social problems to people. Studies show that having bad years of harvest, caused losing jobs and starving to death. Reports present that people starved to death in the rice field. The various disaster images expressed in the Sweet Nectar Painting, therefore, provides that there were lots of natural disasters in the 16th century and visual examples by describing natural disasters, sudden accidents with vividly strokes. In addition Sweet Nectar Painting shows similar traditional icons and expressions that used on Buddhist Paintings in the late Goryo and the early Choseon Period. In the backgrounds of the Frontispiece of the Avalokiesvara Sutra and hell icons, people were faced with a horrible disaster and spirits who died from the disaster would save people and guide them to Sweet Nectar Pure Land through a ritual. Settling as the ceremony paintings of the Water and Land Assembly, the Sweet Nectar Paintings in the early 16th century provide visual examples of the Buddhism Ceremony for wishing to extinguish karmas, for desiring to disappear disasters and unexpected dangers. while the paintings took root .