성호 이익의 심학(心學) -『心經附註疾書』를 중심으로 -

Abstract

This article is aimed to investigate the characteristics of Seongho Yi-Ik(星湖 李瀷, 1681-1763)’s Learning of the Mind-and-Heart(心學), focusing on his critical commentary on Ch’eng Min-cheng(程敏政)’s edition of Heart Classic with supplimentary notes, namely SimGyungBuJuJilSeo(心經附註疾書). First, Seongho separated the human mind(人心) and the human desire(人欲), and discovered the privateness of human desire not contradictory with the Heaven’s principle by differentiating natural physical selfishness from vicious selfishness. Second, Seongho inherited Toegye(退溪)’s theory of Li’s issuance in the Four-Seven debate, and on the division of the SimKi(心氣) and the HyungKi(形氣), he thoroughly applied the basic principle that “Li issues and Ki follows it(理發氣隨).” Third, Seongho denied the ontological significance of wei-fa(未發) and stressed the practico-ethical meaning of perception(知覺) in wei-fa. Four, in relation to reverence(敬), Seongho systematically linked Zhu Xi(朱憙)’s Admonition for mindfulness studio(敬齋箴) with such definitions as “concentrating on oneness without departing(主一無適)”, “the mind is recollected(其心收斂)”, “the method of always being alert(常惺惺法)”, and “properly ordered and controlled, grave and quiet(整齊嚴肅)”. From these characteristics, we can conclude that Seongho developed his own distinguishing Learning of the Mind-and-Heart during the early 18th century.