고종대 북한산행궁의 수장처로서의 활용과 변모

Abstract

This study aims to investigate the role of Bukhansan Haenggung as a royal archive during the reign of King Gojong and to analyze the characteristics of the collections housed there. The only substantial source on the records kept at Bukhansan Haenggung is the Bukhanchaekmokrok (List of Books at Bukhansan Haenggung), compiled in 1909 when the collections were transferred to the capital. By synthesizing scattered and diverse archival materials, this study analyzes the role and management of Bukhansan Haenggung during the Gojong period and elucidates its historical significance within the royal archival system of late Joseon. Bukhansan Fortress and its Haenggung were constructed during the reign of King Sukjong as military facilities. Around this time, the Donnyeongbocheop (Genealogical Register of the Royal Kinship) was first stored at Bukhansan Haenggung, marking its initial use as a repository for royal records. These practices continued into the early Gojong period but evolved significantly in the mid-1880s. In 1885, King Gojong ordered the relocation of Chaekbo (Royal Seal and Investiture Books), which had been stored in palace buildings, to Bukhansan Haenggung. Previously, Chaekbo had been housed at the Oegyujanggak on Ganghwa Island until its destruction during the 1866 French Campaign in Joseon. Following this event, the Chaekbo were temporarily stored within the royal palaces, but a series of palace fires highlighted the need for secure storage outside the palace complex. The Bukhanchaekmokrok reveals that the collections at Bukhansan Haenggung included materials similar to those housed in the Oegyujanggak, such as Uigwe (Protocols of Royal Ceremonies) and reports from investigative delegations, many of which were intended for royal perusal (Eoram). This study examines the historical context of these materials' storage and their subsequent transfer to the Gyujanggak, confirming that Bukhansan Haenggung began to fulfill a function similar to that of the Oegyujanggak starting in the mid-1880s. In addition, Bukhansan Haenggung was designated as a Sago (Historical Archives) around 1897, alongside other renowned sites such as Jeongjoksan, Odaesan, Taebaeksan, and Jeoksangsan. Historically, Sago served as repositories for the Sillok (Royal Annals). A single volume of the Annals of King Jeongjo was listed in the Bukhanchaekmokrok. The designation of Bukhansan Haenggung as a Sago appears to have been a political decision aimed at expanding the network of official archives during the transition to an imperial state. In this way, the status of Bukhansan Haenggung as an external repository of the Gyujanggak and as a Sago (Historical Archives) was gradually expanded over time. As a Sago, designated temples were assigned to safeguard its materials, while records related to the Gyujanggak were managed by the Gyujanggak itself, and the Donnyeongbocheop was overseen by successor agencies of the Donnyeongbu. This demonstrates the continuation of Joseon-era traditions and principles of archival management. Ultimately, in April 1909, all materials from Bukhansan Haenggung were transferred to the capital, marking the dissolution of its archival functions. In conclusion, Bukhansan Haenggung served as a crucial repository for royal records outside the capital during the Gojong period. Its study sheds light on the continuity of Korea’s archival traditions, spanning from the Joseon dynasty into the Korean Empire, and the deliberate efforts to strengthen the royal record preservation system during a time of significant political and institutional transition.