청송 주산지(注山池)의 역사와 수리(水利)공동체

Abstract

Cheongsong Jusanji is an irrigation facility and has a special history and tradition in terms of the establishment of a station. So far Jusanji has been widely known for its outstanding scenic view. The construction process and its operation and management method, however, confirm that it is a valuable cultural heritage in the history of irrigation facilities. The history of the construction process of Jusanji can be seen through the monument which is at the entrance of it. This monument is called ‘Lee Gong Je Eon Seong Gong Song Deok Bi(李公堤堰成功頌德碑)’. According to the inscription, Jusanji was constructed in August 1720 and completed in October of the following year. It was built mainly by Lee Jin-pyo, one of the community leaders, the Andong-Im clan led by Im Ji-hwon, and Cho Se-man, etc. It was demolished at some point after the construction and went through a process of reconstruction. According to Eupji(邑誌) and Yeokji(驛誌), etc, the local people suggested to the king the establishment of a new station in the region in 1691 and the Ijeonpyeong Station was established in 1711. Ijeonpyeong Station was an important post connecting the inland area of Andong and the east coast of Yeongdeok across the Taebaek Mountains. Jusanji was built for the management of the station land. The irrigation community’s culture is well transmitted in today's Jusanji-ri where Ijeonpyeong(or Ijeon) Station was located. Local residents have annually held rituals in front of the monument and have conducted seasonal obligatory labor for the irrigation facilities which are agricultural rites and a water ceremony in the modern sense. The followings are a unique traditional culture of the region: a) all members of the community shared the water resources of Jusanji without receiving any water tax, b) all residents participated in the ceremony regardless of the ownership of the field, and c) the village managed the irrigation facilities without the formation of a separate irrigational organization. The Cheongsong Jusanji has a significant academic value in the irrigation history study in that the station workers played a key role for the establishment and management of the irrigation facility and the station land. So far, the study of irrigation history has focused on the ruling class or the local Confucian intellectuals because many of the cases were conducted by them. However, in case of Cheongsong Jusanji, the key actors were station workers instead of Confucian intellectuals.