전전두 경두개 직류 자극에 의한 시각적 메타인지 강화
Prefrontal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Visual Metacognition
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전전두피질(prefrontal cortex; PFC)에 대한 경두개 직류 자극(transcranial direct current stimulation; tDCS)이 시각판단과 메타인지에 미치는 영향을 검증하기 위해 자극집단과 비자극집단을 무작위 배정한 이중맹검 시험(randomized, shamcontrolled, doubleblind trial)을 수행하였다. 건강한 성인 참가자의 좌반구 PFC를 20분간 양극의 전류로 자극하고, 자극 전후에 점 운동 자극에 대한 지각판단 반응과 확신도를 측정하였다. 두 집단을 참가자간 요인으로 하고 두 검사 시점을 참가자내 요인으로 하는 실험설계에서 신호탐지이론을 적용한 결과, 메타인지 효율성(메타비율, Mratio = metad’/d’)이 자극집단에서만 증가하였다. 시각판단의 정확도와 과제 난이도, 확신도 평정값은 집단이나 검사 시점의 영향을 받지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 PFC에 대한 tDCS가 지각판단 수행이나 확신도 반응 편향에 영향을 끼치지 않고 메타인지 수행만 선택적으로 향상시켰음을 의미한다. 본 연구는 메타인지 향상을 위한 훈련과 재활 도구로서 tDCS의 유용성에 대한 경험적 증거를 제공한다.
Abstract
A randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind trial was conducted to test the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the left prefrontal cortex (PFC). Before and after 20-min anodal stimulation, visual judgment and confidence data were collected in a global dot motion perception task. With a signal detection theoretic analysis on an experimental design of the group as a between-participant factor and the test session as a within-participant factor, we found a significant increase of metacognitive efficiency (Mratio = meta-d’/d’) in the stimulation group, but not in the sham group. Visual judgment accuracy, task difficulty, and confidence ratings did not differ either between groups or between test sessions. These results indicate that prefrontal tDCS selectively enhanced metacognitive performance while not affecting visual judgment and confidence bias. The current study provides empirical evidence for the usefulness of tDCS as a training and rehabilitation tool to enhance metacognition.
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