19세기∼20세기 초 오사카의 도시공간 변화와 도시정비 과정 -조카마치(城下町)에서 근대도시로-

Abstract

Expansion of Urban Space and City Maintenance in Osaka from the 19th to the Early 20th Century Kim, Na-Young․Hyun, Jae-Youl This article aims to arrange the processes of changes and maintenances of Osaka urban space from Jokamachi to the modern city in the chronological sequence. Osaka, unlike Tokyo, has developed the typical industrial city of modern Japan, so that it may be called ‘Manchester of Japan’. To understand totally the urban history of this city, total arrangement of its spatial shifts and city maintenance processes should be presented. In this way, this article arranges the change of its urban space and city maintenance processes from the period of Jokamachi through the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century when it had carried out the city maintenances in accordance with the enforcement of 1919 City Planning Act as the first Japanese modern city planning law. The examination of the urban space and maintenances of Osaka from the nineteenth century to the early twentieth century shows the following facts. First, the urban area of Osaka had rarely changed from the early modern and the middle of Meiji period, even if it was expanded from the 1900s on. In particular, the second extension of city limits allowed Osaka to be the largest city of Japan both in the population and scale. From then on, they had been constantly increased. Second, the street network organizes the urban spaces. In this way, Koraibasitori of the east to west had become the central axis as a path from the down town area to the Osaka catsle in the early modern. Third, Sakaitsuji of the south to north had been dependent on the street networks of Osaka in the early modern, but it became the central axis of the Meiji period. Forth, the scheme and construction of the street networks centered on Midotsuji abandoned the early modern space of Jokamachi, and commenced the formation of new spatial structure of modern city at Osaka in the early twentieth century.