수식 표현의 사용 유무가 고등학생의 과학 개념 이해와 문제 풀이에 미치는 영향: 우주 팽창의 사례
Effect of Using Mathematical Equations on the High School Students’ Understanding and Problem Solving in Science: Case of Cosmic Expansion
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초록
과학 교육에서 수학적 표현은 물리적 현상을 명확히 기술하고 현상과 원인의 인과 관계, 과정을 설명하는 데에 도움을 준다고 알려져 있다. 추상적인 ‘우주 팽창’에 대한 개념 이해 및 적용에 수식 표현이 미치는 영향을 정량 연구를 통해 살펴보았다. 고등학교 선택 과목인 ‘지구과학Ⅰ’에 포함된 허블-르메트르 법칙을 소재로 수식 사용 여부를 달리하여 A, B 두 유형의 학습자료와 형성 평가 문항을 개발하였다. 고등학교 2학년 학생 129명을 두 그룹으로 나누어 다른 유형의 학습자료로 스스로 학습한 뒤 형성 평가 문항에 답변하도록 하였다. 핵심적인 과학 개념에 대한 이해를 필요로 하는 문항 두 개에 대해 수식을 활용한 설명이 제시된 학습자료를 학습한 그룹의 정답률이 유의미하게 높았다. 그러나 복수의 개념을 활용해야 하는 문항에서는 두 그룹의 정답률에 차이가 없었다. 수식의 활용은 기초 과학 지식의 습득에 도움이 되며, 아울러 복합적인 사고를 요구하는 문항의 풀이 능력 향상을 위해서는 자기 학습 외에 교사의 역할이 필요한 것으로 보인다.
Abstract
The use of mathematical equations in science education is known to help provide a clear description of physical phenomena, causality between the phenomena and the origin as well as physical processes. We present a quantitative study to investigate the effect of using mathematical equations on the understanding and application of an abstract scientific concept about cosmic expansion. The topic is the Hubble-Lemaitre Law which is treated in the high school elective subject. Two types of learning materials and assessment items were developed with the one using equations and the other not using equations. In total, 129 high school students who are in their second grade were divided into two groups, given different types of learning materials, and asked to answer the assessment items after studying by themselves. For two items that require an understanding of the key science concept, the percentage of correct answers was higher for the group that studied materials with mathematical equations. However, for items that require the use of multiple concepts, the percentages were more or less similar. The use of equations is found to be helpful in the construction of basic scientific knowledge. Additionally, to increase the ability to solve problems that require complex thinking, it is expected that not only self-study but also a teacher’s role is required.
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